| In this paper,aiming at the single function of traditional planter,and the poor effect of its use,it is easy to cause clogging,planting frame and seed drying in the whole straw mulching field,which seriously affect seed germination and other technical problems,as well as the technical requirements of conservation tillage,the key technologies such as smashing,soil breaking and precision seeding are studied.Breakthroughs have been made in the treatment and comprehensive utilization of wheat straw.The problems such as clogging the seeder with straw and mixing it into soil,affecting seed germination,burning and causing environmental pollution have been solved by evenly throwing stubble on the surface after cleaning and smashing.Through the stubble cleaning and smashing,the comprehensive utilization of wheat straw can be realized,and the waste can be used as a treasure to fertilize the soil.The main content of the study and the results achieved:(1)Completed the overall design of the cockroach and no-till planter.By consulting the relevant information and the development status of no-tillage planter at home and abroad,their working principles,advantages and disadvantages were analyzed and compared.Combining with the sowing conditions and characteristics of soybean and corn in Anhui Province,the idea of clean-area sowing was determined in this study.(2)Completed the structural design of the hoeless no-till planter.Innovative design of the stubble cleaning and smashing device,reasonable installation of the position of the squeegee shaft and the opener,through the combination of the movable knife and the fixed knife,the crushed straw is thrown to the rear of the seeder to achieve clean sowing.The whole machine realized 4 rows of corn for side fertilization,with a row spacing of 60 cm;7 rows of sowing soybeans with a spacing of 30 cm.Through calculation and theoretical analysis,it is determined that 30 moving tool holders are arranged by double helix,and the radial direction of adjacent moving tool holders is equal to 85°,and the axial spacing is 67 cm;the fixed tool is arranged linearly,and the spacing of 30 adjacent fixed tool holders is 71 cm;the rotation speed of stubble cutter shaft should be greater than 1857 r/min;the opening angle of the opener M point is 35°.(3)Static analysis of key components.Through the ANSYS/Workbench software,the static analysis of the opener,moving knife and planter casing,and corresponding loads are applied to obtain stress and strain data,which verified that the design of the opener and the moving knife is reasonable;the design of planter casing is not reasonable enough and meets the design requirements after improvement.(4)Field experiments on the hoeless no-till planter were carried out.According to different moving speed and different rotating speed of stubble cutter shaft,the experiment of sowing soybean and corn was carried out on the machine.Field experiments showed that the machine did not block,all indicators meet the design requirements.When the forward speed of the machine was 1.39 m/s and the rotation speed of the stubble-killing tool axis was 2000 r/min the qualified rate of stubble cleaning was 92.75%,the seed drying rate was 1.28%,the qualified rate of sowing depth was 88.35%,the qualified rate of seed spacing was 92.68%,the repeat seed index was 2.15%and the leakage index was 3.82%,the slip rate of profiling ground wheel was 3.52%.The corn seeding:the qualified rate of stubble cleaning was 93.25%,the seeding rate is 1.25%,the qualified rate of sowing depth was 90.45%,the qualified rate of seed spacing was 92.62%,the repeat seed index was 2.61%and the leakage index was 3.36%,the slip rate of profiling ground wheel was 3.46%. |
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