Fertilization Status And Balanced Fertilization Measures In Luzhou Tobacco Area

Scientific fertilization is an important production measure to increase the yield,output value andeconomic efficiency of flue-cured tobacco.In order to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco and fertilizer application efficiency,this paper takes LuZhou tobacco area(GuLin county and XuYong county)as the research object.It investigated the fertilizer application in the tobacco area,the main problems in fertilization management are clarified,and conduceted a flue-cured tobacco balanced fertilization test.The effects of balanced fertilization management on dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco agronomic characters,chemical quality of tobacco leaves after roasting and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were systematically studied.And proposed the balanced fertilization management measures in the tobacco area based on these studies.(1)We investigated the tobacco farmers in LuZhou tobacco area(GuLin county and XuYong county)by"sampling survey method".Analysis of 158 survey results showed that the fertilization in LuZhou tobacco area is more dependent on inorganic fertilizers.The application type of organic fertilizer mainly based on farmyard manure is single and the dosage is low.This is not conducive to maintaining the stability of soil organic matter content in tobacco-growing areas.Supplement fertilizers in the flue-cured tobacco seedling,both places a one-time additional application of potassium nitrate.And the application amount in XuYong is 144.0kg/hm~2,slightly larger than GuLin.Supplement fertilizers of flue-cured tobacco was all applied within 30 days of transplanting.It will make the tobacco can't get enough K at late period and it not conducive to the increase of potassium content of tobacco.From the perspective of inorganic fertilizer nutrient output,there is a significant difference between soil types,with yellow soil as the highest,41.2 yuan/kg,purple soil as the lowest,37.3 yuan/kg.Yellow soil should control the amount of potassium,and purple soil should control the amount of nitrogen and potassium.Among different field type,hillside field output is the highest,which is 38.9yuan/kg,flatland output is the lowest,which is 38.0 yuan/kg.Hillside field should be controlled nitrogen fertilizer,the slope field needs add nitrogen fertilizer,and the whole amount of inorganic fertilizer should be reduced in flatland field.Among different varieties,the output of Yun Yan series is higher than K326.And the Yun Yan 97 output is highest,which is 40.5 yuan/kg.Among different irrigation conditions,better irrigation conditions output the highest yield of 38 yuan/kg.Among different pre-season crop,corn as pre-season crop output higher yield of 39.0 yuan/kg.(2)Field trials were conducted at tobacco science park in JianZhu village,GuLin county.The test soil was yellow soil,the flue-cured tobacco variety was K326,and the test area was mainly flatland.First,we conducted nitrogen application combined with potassium test and organic and inorganic fertilizers combined application test,and then conducted nutritional balance control measures based on the result of the first two test to get a comprehensive evaluation from agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation,chemical quality,economic traits of flue-cured tobacco.1)The result of nitrogen application combined with potassium test shows that the experimental treatment which applied nitrogen fertilizer 75 kg/hm~2,the ratio of basic fertilizers to supplement fertilizers was 7:3,and potash fertilizer applied 300 kg/hm~2,the ratio of basic fertilizers to supplement fertilizers was 3:7,during supplement fertilizers film,hole applied fertilizer add potash fertilizer to 10%,covering soil and uncovering film add potash fertilizer to 40%,topping stage add potash fertilizer to20%.Compared with other treatments,it improved leaf length and other agronomic traits,stem and leaf dry matter accumulation on mature period,potassium content of tobacco,output value and output of flue-cured tobacco significantly.In addition,the nitrogen-base ratio and sugar-base ratio of flue-cured tobacco are more coordinated.2)The results of organic and inorganic fertilizers combined application test showed that amino acid organic fertilizer and humic acid fertilizer application,each substitute 20%inorganic nitrogen in basal fertilizer is best.Compared with other treatments,it has a better fertilizer effect in improving the plant height and other agronomic traits,leaves and roots dry matter accumulation on mature period,potassium content of tobacco,output value and output of flue-cured tobacco and coordinating the nitrogen-base ratio and sugar-base ratio of flue-cured tobacco.3)Compared with other treatments,the treatment of nutritional balance control measures test,that is,the application of nitrogen fertilizer was changed from 105 kg/hm~2 to 75 kg/hm~2,the ratio of basic fertilizers to supplement fertilizers was changed from 6:4 to 7:3,amino acid organic fertilizer and humic acid fertilizer application,each substitute 20%inorganic nitrogen in basal fertilizer.Potash fertilizer dropped from 345 kg/hm~2 to 300 kg/hm~2,the ratio of basic fertilizers to supplement fertilizers was changed from 7:3 to 3:7,during supplement fertilizers film,hole applied fertilizer add potash fertilizer to 10%,covering soil and uncovering film add potash fertilizer to 40%,topping stage add potash fertilizer to 20%.And it can improve plant height and other agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation on mature period better,potassium content of tobacco,output value and output of flue-cured tobacco.And it can coordinate the upper leaves'nitrogen-base ratio and lower leaf sugar-base ratio of flue-cured tobacco,increase the potassium content in lower leaves.And it also get the most effective in output value,output and superior tobacco ratio.