Egg Quality Of Jiuyuan Black Fowl Under Different Rearing Methods And Comprehensive Benefits Of Tea Breeding

Rearing methods is an important factor affecting the quality of eggs.In this study,we explore the effects of three housing systems—cage,flat,free-ranging in tea plantation—on egg quality,nutritional and microbiological indicators in Jiuyuan black fowl to analyze whether the cultivation under tea garden can effectively improve the quality of eggs and why consumers prefer different eggs especially produced by free-ranging system.The author also quantitatively analyzed the quality and comprehensive benefits of the tea plantation with chicken so as to accumulate new basic information for the subsequent development of the eco-aquaculture production model.Caged eggs had the highest egg(55.473±2.121)and yolk(18.997±2.242)weight,the egg yolk color(12.863±1.344),protein height(5.117±0.849)and Hastelldorffii(73.367±5.782)were significantly higher in free-range eggs than those in cages and flats.These results show that the egg weight,egg yolk weight,egg yolk color and freshness of Jiuyuan black fowl are greatly affected by feeding mode.The selenium contents in caged and flattened eggs were significantly higher than those free-ranged in tea plantation.As the caged/flattened groups of laying hens were keeping in high-Se-rich Wanyuan City,indicating that the content of selenium in eggs is more dependent on the level of selenium feeding environment.The free-ranged eggs in tea plantation had the lowest cholesterol with the highest fat and lecithin.Breeding chickens in tea plantations,by allowing chickens pecking tea intake of polyphenols may affect the body lipid metabolism,raising lecithin and lower cholesterol.Also high fat content affects the flavor and palatability of eggs,which is one of the reasons that consumers are pursuing free-range eggs.There was no significant difference in egg protein content among the three feeding ways,but the total and umami amino acid content of the eggs in the tea garden stocking group were the highest,while the flatten group got the supreme SRC score.That means flattened eggs have the best nutritional value of amino acids,but free-range eggs in tea plantation are better on cholesterol,lecithin content and food flavor.The number of colonies and the inflection rate,the most possible number of E.coli in flattened/free-range eggs were all generally higher than the data of the caged eggs.Theresults showes that the microbial indicators of eggs affected by different feeding environment.Soil fertility indices of tea land with hens were significantly higher than those of un-cultivated tea land,and the content of trace elements also increased,which indicated that cultivation under tea could effectively improve soil fertility.The cost-benefit ratio of chicken production under tea is 82.42%,which is 2.61 times of that of single tea plantation(31.54%).The production-to-investment ratio of single mode and planting mode are 1.32 and 1.82,respectively.The quantitative evaluation of ecological benefits of the two models are 1.32(single mode)and 1.82(planting and breeding mode)in several.The results showed that the economic benefits and ecological benefits of the tea-chicken combination mode under tea planting and breeding were all produced by monoculture,and their comprehensive benefits were higher.In summary,the cage is still the least pollution rearing methods in the egg production,if farmers use flat or free-range systems,they should pay attention to the excrement,debris cleaning and timely collection after egg collection in the breeding process.The nutritional value of flattened eggs is the best,however the eggs laid in the tea land may be more popular with consumers in terms of egg yolk color,freshness,cholesterol,lecithin content and food flavor.Cultivation under tea is an effective way to improve soil fertility in tea plantations.But it is necessary to pay attention to the stocking density and time control during the under-forest farming planning to prevent soil erosion and heavy metal accumulation in the soil layer caused by over-accumulation of nutrients.The overall efficiency of ecological farming model integrated with the chicken breeding is higher.It improves the ecological environment of tea plant while gaining economic benefits,which is an exploring mode of production.