| In recent years,the industry of plum in Sichuan has been developed rapidly.At present,the planting area of plum in Sichuan is 790,000 mu,the output is 530,000tons,and the output value is 3.5 billion yuan.The special environmental conditions in Mao County make the green crisp plum mature one to two months later than other areas.It has been the characteristic pillar industry of local farmer to increase income and get rich.But of the past few years,the following problems in some places of Mao County existed for a long time.Such as focused on quantity rather than quality,attached more importance on chemical fertilizer instead of organic fertilizer,paid attention on major element and made light on medium trace elements,failed to fertilize as needed and made a mistake on fertilizer application method and so on,which resulted in the region part of the soil harden,salinization,enriched with major element,lacked of medium trace elements and fruit quality decreased and so on.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out balanced fertilization experimental research according to the fertilizer requirement of plum by measuring the local soil background value,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for plum industry to save capital and increase efficiency.Taking nine-years-old green crisp plum at Sichuan province Mao County,Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture as trial material.The amount of fertilizer was determined by 2500 kg per 677m~2.Nine groups of formulated fertilization programs were set up,and compared with local conventional fertilization to study the effects of balanced fertilization on fruit quality and soil physical and chemical properties of green crisp plum.The results showed that:1.Balanced fertilization could reduce soil bulk density,increase soil porosity,adjust soil pH and increase organic matter content.Treatment 5(7.0kg dried chicken manure/plant+3.0kg superphosphate/plant+0.08kg ferrous sulfate/plant+0.08kg magnesium sulfate/plant+0.06kg zinc sulfate/plant were used as based fertilizer from the end of September to early October;In early march,0.6kg urea+0.12kg boron fertilizer were applied in germinated fertilizer,1.3kg monoammonium phosphate/plant+0.25kg urea/plant were set as strong fruit fertilizer,which were applied in the first half of April;Before preharvest fertilizer in mid-July,potassium sulfate was1.8kg/plant and calcium nitrate was 0.05kg/plant)was the best plan in improving soil physical properties,adjusting soil pH,and increasing organic matter content.The soil bulk density was reduced by 6.4-7.7%and the soil porosity was increased by8.33-13.13%.The pH was within the suitable growth range of plum tree,and the organic matter content was 2.3-3.79%.There was no significant difference between treatment 1,7.0kg dried chicken manure/plant+3.0kg superphosphate/plant+0.10kg ferrous sulfate/plant+0.10kg magnesium sulfate/plant+0.10kg zinc sulfate/plant were used as based fertilizer from the end of September to early October;In early march,0.7kg urea+0.12kg boron fertilizer were applied in germinated fertilizer,1.5kg monammonium phosphate/plant+0.25kg urea/plant were set as strong fruit fertilizer,which were applied in the first half of April;Before preharvest fertilizer in mid-July,potassium sulfate was 2.2kg/plant and calcium nitrate was 0.05kg/plant,and treatment 5.2.The contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available iron,water-soluble calcium,water-soluble magnesium,available manganese and available zinc could be increased by balanced fertilization.Balanced fertilization could promote the absorption of the medium and trace elements in the soil and provide a large amount of nitrogen for the growth of the green crisp plum.It has effectively changed the situation of the long-term low content of phosphorus,the serious lack of potassium and the deficiency of other trace elements in the soil of green crisp plum.According to the comprehensive test results,treatment 1 improved soil nutrients best.The contents of alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,water-soluble calcium,magnesium and available iron were significantly higher than those of the control group,while the contents of available manganese and available zinc were not significantly different from those of the control group,but higher than those of the control group.3.Balanced fertilization could increase fruit weight,transverse diameter,hardness,soluble solids content,reduce titratable acid content,and prevent and cure fruit core flow glue and leaf yellowing symptoms.In general,to improve the green crisp plum fruits quality best is treatment 1.The per fruit weight,transverse and longitudinal diameter and reached 44.96g,4.35cm,4.14cm and 14.87%respectively,increased by 40.32%,51.25%,54.48%and 44.37%compared with the control;the fruit firmness reached 13.23kg/cm2,increased by 22.38%compared with the control;the soluble solids was 14.87%,increased by 44.37%compared with the control;and the total acid content was 1.60%,decreased by 1.23%compared with the control.The gel rate of the fruit core was 0%,the gel rate of the control was 8.33%.The yellowing rate of the leaves was 4%,the yellowing rate of of the control was 29%.Balanced fertilization had no significant effect on increasing the Vc content of green crisp plum fruit,and there was no significant difference between the treatments and the control.4.Balanced fertilization could effectively reduce costs,improve economic benefits,and achieve product efficiency.Compared with the control,The annual benefit of each treatment per 677m~2 was above 26,000,which increased5090.20~5416.90 yuan/677m~2 in economic benefit,while treatment 3(7.0kg dried chicken manure/plant+3.0kg superphosphate/plant+0.10kg ferrous sulfate/plant+0.06kg magnesium sulfate/plant+0.08kg zinc sulfate/plant were used as based fertilizer from the end of September to early October;In early march,0.5kg urea+0.12kg boron fertilizer were applied in germinated fertilizer,1.3kg monoammonium phosphate/plant+0.25kg urea/plant were set as strong fruit fertilizer,which were applied in the first half of April;Before preharvest fertilizer in mid-July,potassium sulfate was 1.8kg/plant and calcium nitrate was 0.03kg/plant)had the lowest cost,which Only needed 1849.1 yuan/677m~2,cost saving over control was 1512.9 yuan/677m~2.Treatment 1 had the highest economic benefits.The production was 2535.00kg/677m~2,the annual benefit reached26914.90 yuan/677m~2.Compared with the control,the annual benefit increased by 5416.90 yuan/677m~2. |
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