Effects Of Balanced Fertilization On Soil Physicochemical Properties And Fruit Quality Of Cherry

Balanced fertilization is the key technology in the link of high quality cherry cultivation and growth.Taking Hongdeng cherry trees cultivated on open field in Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province as the materials and aimed 1250kg/667m2.Fertilization plan was designed based on setting yield per plant for 40-55kg as big tree,setting yield per plant for 25-40kg as medium tree,set yield per plant for 10-25kg as small tree.Experiment set big treefertilization A1:Base fertilizer fertilize with dried chicken 7.5kg+calcium phosphate 2.25kg+borax 0.3kg;Bud sprouting period fertilize with urea 0.5kg;Fruit enlargement period fertilize with compound fertilizer 2.75kg+potassium sulfate 1.5kg;Fruit picking period fertilize with compound fertilizer 1.5kg.Experiment set big tree fertilization A2:Base fertilizer fertilize with dried chicken 7.5kg+calcium phosphate 2.25kg+borax 0.25kg;Bud sprouting period fertilize with urea 0.45kg;Fruit enlargementperiod fertilize with compound fertilizer 2.5kg+ potassium sulfate 1.25kg;Fruit picking period fertilize with compound fertilizer 1.5kg.Experiment set big treefertilization A3:Base fertilizer fertilize with dried chicken 7.5kg+calcium phosphate 2.25kg+borax 0.2kg;Bud sprouting period fertilize with urea 0.4kg;Fruit enlargementperiod fertilize with compound fertilizer 2.25kg+ potassium sulfate 1kg;Fruit picking period fertilize with compound fertilizer 1.5kg.Experiment setmedium treefertilizationB1:Base fertilizer fertilize with dried chicken5kg+calcium phosphate 1.75kg+borax 0.3kg;Bud sprouting period fertilize with urea 0.35kg;Fruit enlargementperiod fertilize with compound fertilizer 2kg+ potassium sulfate 1kg;Fruit picking period fertilize with compound fertilizer 1kg.Experiment set medium tree fertilization B2:Base fertilizer fertilize with dried chicken5kg+calcium phosphate 1.75kg+borax 0.25kg;Bud sprouting period fertilize with urea 0.3kg;Fruit enlargementperiod fertilize with compound fertilizer 1.75kg+ potassium sulfate 0.75kg;Fruit picking period fertilize with compound fertilizer 1kg.Experiment setmedium treefertilizationB3:Base fertilizer fertilize with dried chicken5kg+calcium phosphate 1.75kg+borax 0.2kg;Bud sprouting period fertilize with urea 0.25kg;Fruit enlargementperiod fertilize with compound fertilizer 1.5kg+ potassium sulfate 0.5kg;Fruit picking period fertilize with compound fertilizer 1kg.Experiment set small tree fertilization C1:Base fertilizer fertilize with dried chicken2.5kg+calcium phosphate 0.625kg+borax 0.25kg;Bud sprouting period fertilize with urea 0.25kg;Fruit enlargementperiod fertilize with compound fertilizer 1.25kg+ potassium sulfate 0.5kg;Fruit picking period fertilize with compound fertilizer 0.75kg.Experiment setsmall treefertilizationC2:Base fertilizer fertilize with dried chicken2.5kg+calcium phosphate 0.625kg+borax 0.2kg;Bud sprouting period fertilize with urea 0.2kg;Fruit enlargement period fertilize with compound fertilizer lkg+ potassium sulfate 0.375kg;Fruit picking period fertilize with compound fertilizer 0.75kg.Experiment setsmall treefertilizationC3:Base fertilizer fertilize with dried chicken2.5kg+calcium phosphate 0.625kg+borax 0.15kg;Bud sprouting period fertilize with urea 0.15kg;Fruit enlargementperiod fertilize with compound fertilizer 0.75kg+potassium sulfate 0.25kg;Fruit picking period fertilize with compound fertilizer 0.75kg.Setting local conventional fertilization as contrast(Base fertilizer fertilize with farm manure,big tree 8kg,medium tree 6kg,small tree 4kg;bud sprouting period fertilize with urea,big tree 0.5kg,medium tree 0.4kg,small tree 0.3kg;Fruit enlargement period fertilize with compound fertilizer,big tree 3kg,medium tree 2kg,small tree 1kg;not fertilize fruit picking fertilizer)to study the effects of balanced fertilization on soil physical and chemical properties,fruit quality of Hongdeng cherry.The results were as follows:Reasonable balanced fertilization can improve soil physical and chemical properties.Balanced fertilization also can effectively improve external quality and internal quality of the fruit.In plant production 40-55kg fertilization A1 is the best.Obviously different with background value on 0-20cm;organic matter rises 0.18%,available P rises 3.16mg/kg,exchangeable Zn rises 0.22mg/kg,exchangeable Ca rises 3.33mg/kg,nitrate N rises 0.05mg/kg,bulk density reduces 0.12g/cm3,porosity rises 5.76%.Obviously different with background value on 20-40cm:available Fe rises 0.45mg/kg,exchangeable Zn rises 0.22mg/kg.exchangeable Ca rises 9.05mg/kg,exchangeable Mg rises 1.67mg/kg,nitrate N rises 0.21mg/kg.Obviously different with background value on 40-60cm:exchangeable Zn rises 0.06mg/kg,exchangeable K rises 1.95mg/kg,exchangeable Mg rises 1.12mg/kg,nitrate N rises 0.05mg/kg,ammonium N rises 1.58mg/kg,bulk density reduces 0.08g/cm3,field holding capacity rises 14.64%.The best fruit quality of fertilization A1:soluble solids 17.07%,Fe 4.36mg/100g,Ca 16.34mg/100g,Mg 9.88mg/100g,K 242.65mg/100g,P 16.74mg/100g.In plant production 25-40kg fertilization B2 is the best.Obviously different with background value on 0-20cm:pH reduces 0.4,organic matter rises 0.11%?available Fe rises 1.53mg/kg,exchangeable Zn rises 0.22mg/kg,exchangeable K rises 3.95mg/kg,exchangeable Ca rises 8.15mg/kg,exchangeable Mg rises 4.39mg/kg,bulk density reduces 0.17g/cm3.Obviously different with background value on 20-40cm:organic matter rises 0.29%,available P rises 3.45mg/kg,exchangeable Ca rises 8.56mg/kg,ammonium N rises 1.38mg/kg,porosity rises 5.47%.Obviously different with background value on 40-60cm:organic matter rises 0.23%,available P rises 2.42mg/kg,exchangeable Zn rises 0.09mg/kg,exchangeable K rises 1.91mg/kg,exchangeable Mg rises 5.43mg/kg,bulk density reduces 0.11g/cm3,porosity rises 4.65%.The best fruit quality of fertilization B2:Single fruitweight 8.2g,fruit shape index 0.81,total sugar 12.85g/100g,Mg l0.0lmg/100g.In plant production 10-25kg fertilization C1 is the best.Obviously different with background value on 0-20cm:available Fe rises 1.53mg/kg,exchangeable Zn rises 0.62mg/kg,exchangeable K rises 0.98mg/kg,exchangeable Ca rises 12.54mg/kg,exchangeable Mg rises 1.5mg/kg,nitrate N rises 0.05mg/kg,bulk density reduces 0.11g/cm3.Obviously different with background value on 20-40cm:available Fe rises 0.48mg/kg,exchangeable Ca rises 1.41mg/kg,nitrate N rises 0.18mg/kg,ammonium N rises 0.03mg/kg.Obviously different with background value on 40-60cm:organic matter rises 0.5%,available P rises 3.16mg/kg,exchangeable Zn rises 0.05mg/kg,exchangeable K rises 0.82mg/kg,exchangeable Ca rises 2.66mg/kg,ammoniumN rises 1.18 mg/kg,bulk density reduces 0.09g/cm3,porosity rises 4.89%,field holding capacity rises 13.8%.C1:Stalk length 2.81cm,fruit shape index 0.804,soluble solids 15.92%,total sugar 12.31g/100g,Fe 4.47mg/100g,K 229.35mg/100g.