Study On The Technical Effect Of Mechanical Direct Sowing Method Of Rape In Hanzhong City Of Shaanxi

Hanzhong is located in the transitional belt of north warm temperate zone and subtropical climate,and forms the hanzhong basin with qinling mountains in the north,along ba mountains in the south with han river across the whole territory.There is no summer heat in the basin,no cold in winter,which has abundant rainfall and moist gas,annual precipitation is 800-1000 mm,The annual average temperature is 14 ℃.The excellent ecological environment provides a unique condition for the rape growth.Hanzhong is the main producing area of rapeseed in our province.The main problem of the rapeseed industry in the future we confronted is how to exert regional advantages,further improve production capacity and promote the sustainable,sTablele and healthy development of rapeseed production.Rape mechanized production technology is a kind of production method which is easy to simplify and save cost and increase efficiency and produce high yield.Mechanization is the future direction of winter rape,but the related technologies such as variety,density,weeding,fertilizer application,chemical prevention of insect disease and weed are not perfect yet.In order to give full play to the effect of increasing production and increasing efficiency of rape mechanized production technology,the research group has carried out a series of related experimental studies through the integration of varieties with agricultural technology and agricultural machinery,aiming at reducing production labor,reducing labor intensity and improving planting efficiency.Some conclusions with guiding practical significance have been obtained:(1)Through the comparative test analysis of rapeseed varieties suiTablele for the mechanized production in hanzhong,it is concluded that among the 7 varieties tested,Rongyou-15 and Fengyou-737 can be used as the main popularized varieties in the mechanized production in hanzhong.qinyou-10 and ningza-11 can be used as matching varieties for demonstration and promotion.(2)The experimental study on the seeding quantity of rapeseed by mechanical direct seeding showed that:under the condition of appropriate sowing conditions,the sowing quantity of rapeseed by mechanical direct seeding was more appropriate at 250— 300g/666.7m2(3)According to the crop yield,growth period,economic traits and other factors,when the soil fertility is medium or medium to upper,the basic P2O5,K2 O and B fertilizer is 5kg,7kg,and 1kg per acre respectively,and the N fertilizer application ratios of basal –seedling-winter is 5-2-3,for the direct-seeding rapeseed Fengyou 737,15 kg per acre of pure nitrogen is the most suiTablele.If the soil fertility in the field is medium to lower,the amount of pure nitrogen can be increased to 18 kg per acre.(4)Mechanical direct-seeding rapeseed for 5 to 6 leaf stages,the effect of 120 ml spray chemical weed control with 17.5% spermatine · straw oil was the best,but the application technology required was relatively high,and the best application period should be grasped,otherwise it would lead to drug damage and reduce the control effect.According to the test in 2013,the normal dosage of refined quine · curcumin could be used before the 4th leaf stage of rapeseed,resulting in drug damage.The control effect of over-late application,low temperature and over-age of grass was poor.It is suggested that rape mechanized production technology with early sowing date could adopt chemical weed control in seedling stage.Comparing ”After weeding+Weeding before planting before seedling in soil closed bud”,It is better to control the weeds before the seedling is closed before planting.No significant difference in anti-efficacy between two treatments,therefore,considering the cost saving and pesticide residue reduction,we suggested that rape mechanized production technology could adopt chemical weed should promote the pre-seeding soil before the closed Bud weeding,For the early harvesting of rice before sowing field weeds more field,It is possible to take the chemical weeding measures combined with pre-sowing stubble and pre-sowing before Bud weeding.(5)We suggested that,useing 50% ethylamine before the sprouts to close the weed,with the dosage of 60 ml ~ 80ml/666.7m2 as appropriate.If the weed base in the field is higher,the dosage can be appropriately increased to 100 ~ 120ml/666.7m2.