Effects Of Growth,Yield,Quality And Soil Nutrient Transport Of Tomato Under Fertilizatting In Greenhouse

Considering the status quo of excessive fertilizer application and low utilization efficiency in facility vegetable planting,as well as the needs of developing in ecological agriculture and high-efficiency agriculture in China,and aiming to realize the production management system of high-quality and high-yield and scientific optimization of greenhouse vegetables.Tomato was used as the test material in this study.Through the plot test,laboratory test and theoretical analysis,different fertilization levels under sufficient irrigation conditions were set,and 7 fertilization levels were set:control（CK,No fertilization）,N1 Treatment（N 120^P₂O₅ 48^K₂O 168 kg/hm²）,N2 treatment（N240^P₂O₅ 96^K₂O 336 kg/hm²）,N3 treatment（N 360^P₂O₅ 144^K₂O 504kg/hm²）,N4 treatment（N 480^P₂O₅ 192^K₂O 672 kg/hm²）,N5 treatment（N 600^P₂O₅ 240^K₂O 840kg/hm²）,N6 treatment（N 720^P₂O₅ 288^K₂O 1 008 kg/hm²）.To explore the mechanism and mechanism of tomato physiological growth,yield,quality,soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient change under different fertilization levels and sufficient irrigation conditions,and comprehensively evaluate the high quality and high yield index of tomato,and propose a suitable fertilization mode of greenhouse tomato planting in the region.The main results were as follows:（1）Reveal the effect of fertilization on tomato growth indicators.Under the condition of sufficient irrigation,the growth rate of tomato increased first and then decreased with the amount of fertilization.When the tomato was planted for 20⁴0 days,the growth rate of tomato in N3 treatment was faster;the growth of tomato stem was increased with the amount of fertilizer.The increase was slower first and then faster.After 40⁵0 days of colonization,the growth of tomato stems with N2treatment was more obvious.Therefore,the effect of fertilization on the growth of tomato stem height was obvious,and the growth advantage of plant height during physiological growth.Obviously,tomato tends to grow rapidly in the longitudinal direction;in the early stage of reproductive growth,the stem growth advantage is obvious,and the tomato tends to grow laterally.Therefore,for 20⁵0 days after planting,topdressing can promote tomato growth and ensure the growth and yield of the plant.（2）Reveal the effect of fertilization on tomato yield and qualityThe maximum value of tomato yield was 71.75 t/hm².The variation coefficient of tomato yield and dry matter quality under different treatments ranged from 8.21%to19.34%.Tomato yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilization amount.The dry matter quality also showed a wave-like change trend,and the coefficient of variation showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.Among them,the yield of N3 treatment reached the maximum value and the coefficient of variation reached the minimum value;while the quality of dry matter of the above-ground part of N5 treatment.Achieving the maximum value indicates that the appropriate amount of fertilizer can promote the increase of tomato yield,and excessive fertilization will cause the plant to splindly growth.The lycopene,vitamin C,soluble sugar and organic acid all increased with the amount of fertilizer to form a downward parabolic trend,while the nitrate content was linear with the amount of fertilizer.The ratio of sugar to acid increased with the amount of fertilizer applied.The trend of the cosine pattern;the quality of N3 treatment reached the maximum（except nitrate）,indicating that the right amount of fertilizer can improve the quality of the tomato.（3）Reveal the effect of fertilization on soil physical and chemical properties and nutrientsUnder the condition of sufficient irrigation,with the increasing of fertilization amount,the soil value of pH first increased and then decreased,while the soil value of pH reached the maximum value,the soil layer showed a downward trend after moving down and then moving up.In the soil layer of 0⁷0 cm,the soil EC showed a wave-like change with the increase of soil depth,and the mean value of the soil decreased with the increase of soil depth.With the increase of fertilizer application,the soil EC showed an upward trend.With the prolongation of growth period and the increasing amount of fertilization,the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in each treated soil increased continuously（except CK）,and the accumulation layer of nitrate nitrogen in the soil also continuously migrated.The nitrogen accumulation layer moved up 10 cm,and the middle fertilizer treatment moved down 30 cm,while the high-fertilizer treatment remained basically unchanged.The mean value of nitrate-nitrogen concentration in each treatment soil was linearly related to nitrogen application rate from 0⁷0 cm.y=55.502x+11.82,R2=0.944.During the physiological growth stage of tomato,the content of available phosphorus in soil decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of soil depth,and increased with the increase of fertilizer application.When physical growth and reproductive growth were combined,soil available phosphorus content With the increase of fertilizer application,it still showed an increasing trend,and the soil available phosphorus accumulation layer had a tendency to migrate to deep soil（except N3treatment and N5 treatment）.The content of available potassium in soil increased with the increase of fertilizer application,and the increase in soil layer was more obvious.With the growth of tomato and the increase of fertilizer application,the accumulation layer of available potassium in each treatment decreased first and then increased.For each treatment,the available potassium content in soil from 0⁷0 cm is linear with the depth of the soil layer.The linear equation is:y=0.6813x+4.22,R2=0.7464.