Study On Genetic Variation And Selection Of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua From Different Provenances

Polygonatum cyrtonema·Hua,a widespread perennial herbaceous plants,is Huang Jing(Polygonaturn·Mill)genus,Polygonatum·cyrtonema · Hua is suitable for growing in warm and humid area as well as cold area.Huang Jing that has the effect of strengthening the body and having a high medicinal and nutritional value is commonly used as a nourishing in traditional Chinese medicine.It is an important medicinal resource.Selecting high-quality provenances and individual from different sources to improve yield and stress resistance is to serve higher incomes and social production.12 species of Polygonatum cyrtonema·Hua from different regions were used as research objects to study the growth traits in this paper.Comparative analysis of leaf traits,reproductive traits,physiological and biochemical indexes of the leaves and the phenotypic traits and main medicinal components of the underground stems was to select high-yield and high-quality provenances seed. The main research results are as follows:(1)There was a significant correlation between the growth traits of Polygonatum·cyrtonema·Hua and geographical factors.The provenances in the north-central part of provenances would be more prominent among the leaf traits.The leaf shape index showed that the local provenances planted in the experimental areas performed best,and there was a big difference compared with other provenances.The length and diameter of the whole plant were the same as those of the leaves among the growth traits.The provenances in the north-central part of the provenance would be more prominent,while the height under the leaves would be better than the southeast part of the provenance.Qingyuan and Qingtian were the best provenances for growth traits,and Huangtian was the worst provenance for leaf growth.(2)The sources with the highest ratio of chlorophyll a/b and the highest total chlorophyll content were Qingyuan and Yong'an,while the lowest ratio of chlorophyll a/b and the lowest total chlorophyll content was Huangtian,which can prove the species of Qingyuan and Yong'an can better absorb and convert light energy for photosynthesis,and the absorption and transformation ability of Huangtian is relatively weak among provenances.(3)Polygonatum cyrtonema·Hua pedicel,as a support flower growth that gives flowers an important channel for nutriet transmission,grows rapidly from May to June,then the flower fall rate slows down in July,and the growth rate basically stops in August at last.The fastest growing sources in the growing season are Qingyuan and Qingtian,accounting for 72%and 77%of the total growth.The length of peduncle was significantly different among different provenances.The longest and shortest species of peduncle were Qingyuan and Huangtian respectively with 10.7cm.(4)Correlation analysis between underground stems and geographical factors showed that the lower the latitude and the higher the temperature could lead to smaller volume of underground stems;the monomer weight of underground stems was significantly different between provenances.The weight of the stems of the three provenances of Nanping,Songxi and Huangtian was smaller than that of Qingyuan,Qingtian and Longquan.(5)POD,SOD,MDA,soluble protein and soluble sugar showed that the resistance of Qingyuan,Yong'an and Qingtian were better than other provenances,and were able to adapt to the higher temperature environment to 30-38?.Huangtian provenance heat resistance is relatively poor.(6)Biomass studies indicate significant differences between biomass indicators.The freshest source of stem weight was Qingyuan,and the average dry weight of the stem was 29.33g.Other provenances showed extremely significant differences.The lightest source of the average net weight was Junkou and the average net weight of the political and average ground were 17.23g.The heaviest source of stem weight was Qingyuan,with an average net weight of 6.57g,followed by Qingtian with 6.53g.The difference between the two was not significantly different from other provenances.The lightest source of the average dry weight was Junkou and Huangtian,and the average dry weight on the ground was 3.94g and 3.66g,respectively.The two provenances showed significant differences with others,and were significantly different from the provenances of Qingyuan and Qingtian.Lingtou had the highest water content with an average water content of 86%,followed by Qingtian with an average water content of 84%.Lingtou and other provenances showed extremely significant differences.The lowest average water content were Songxi and Longquan,with average water contents of 77%and 75%,respectively,which showed extremely significant differences from other provenances.(7)The main medicinal components of Polygonatum cyrtonema·Hua from different provenances were significantly different.The relative content of polysaccharides in Qingyuan and Qingtian provenances were 14.97mg/g and 13.06mg/g respectively.The relative content of polysaccharides in Huangtian provenances was the smallest,which was 2.87mg/g.The relative contents of total saponins in Qingyuan and Qingtian provenances were 22.1mg/g and 20.1mg/g respectively.The lowest relative content of total saponins was Longquan,which contained 11.2 mg/g.The relative contents of steroidal saponins in Qingyuan and Qingtian provenances were 1.3mg/g and 1.29 mg/g respectively.The lowest relative contents of steroidal saponins were in Huangtian provenances,with the content of 0.48 mg/g.The relative contents of total flavonoids in Qingyuan and Qingtian provenances were 82.5 mg/g and 76.9 mg/g,respectively,while those in Huangtian provenances were 31.8 mg/g.(8)Heritability values of polysaccharides,saponins,steroidal saponins,flavonoids,fresh weight and dry weight were all higher than 0.5,which indicated that they were not susceptible to environmental factors.The main medicinal components of Qingyuan and Qingtian provenances showed better genetic gain.The genetic gain of Qingyuan was 36.85%to 116.41%,and that of Qingtian was 36.85%to 88.93%.The genetic gain of Huangtian was the worst.The genetic gain of Huangtian ranged from-57.27%to-8.54%.(9)In conclusion,the comprehensive evaluation of Qingyuan and Qingtian provenances was better than Huangtian in Zhejiang Province among 12 provenances.