| In order to alleviate the water shortage and excessive application of chemical fertilizers in apple orchards in Yan'an Mountains,and maintain the high-efficiency,sustainable and stable development of apple industry,the experiment of combining organic and inorganic fertilization with rainwater collection measures was carried out in mountain orchards in northern Shaanxi Province in 2016 and 2017.The traditional treatment T(2250 kg hm-2)was clean tillage treatment with no rainwater collection pit and no fish scale pit.CK?2250 kg hm-2?was a single rainwater collection measure with a rainwater collection pit and fish scale pit and the amount of fertilizer applied in accordance with the local traditional fertilization.Different dosages of organic and inorganic fertilizers were used to fill rainwater collection pits with F350(4405 kg hm-2),F300(4104 kg hm-2)and F250(3796 kg hm-2).The differences of soil water content,soil physical properties,soil nitrate nitrogen and yield and water use efficiency of apple orchards in different treatments were compared.Preliminary results are as follows:?1?The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers can change the physical properties of soil.The soil bulk density,saturated water content and saturated water conductivity of 0-100 cm soil layer changed significantly after the treatment of organic-inorganic combined rainwater collection measures in Yan'an mountain orchard.The average bulk density of 0-100 cm soil layer in F350 treatment in 2017 decreased by 4.41%compared with the beginning of 2016,and the average saturated water content and field water holding capacity of 0-100 cm soil layer increased by 43.50%and 38.30%,respectively,compared with the beginning of 2016.There were no significant differences in soil bulk density,saturated water content and field water holding capacity between CK and T treatments.?2?The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers and rainwater collection measures can increase soil water content,especially in 0-100 cm soil layer,in 2016and 2017,the water storage of organic and inorganic fertilizer combined with rainwater collection treatment increased by 8.75%compared with that of clear tillage orchard T treatment and 15.89%compared with that of single rainwater collection pit treatment,alleviating the water deficit problem of fruit trees during the growing period,and less water consumption during autumn orchard ripening period,storing more rainfall and alleviating the next spring depression.To solve the problem of drought,the combination of organic and inorganic fertilization and rainwater collection measures can increase soil water content by40-140 cm and 160-180 cm after the second rainfall.CK treatment can only increase soil water content by 0-100 cm,while T treatment can only supply surface soil water.?3?The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the content of nitrate nitrogen in 0-200 cm of soil,and with the infiltration of rainfall,the peak value of nitrate nitrogen content gradually decreased,and the content of nitrate nitrogen in clear tillage treatment and single rainwater collection pit treatment remained stable.?4?The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers and rainwater collection measures could significantly improve the yield and water use efficiency of apples in orchards.In 2016 and 2017,F300 treatments had the highest apple yield,15 477 kg hm-2 and 17 823 kg hm-2,23.88%and 37.25%higher than CK treatments,30.00%and 47.96%higher than T treatments,and the water use efficiency of F300 treatments in 2016 and 2017 was 29.33 kg hm-2 mm-1 and 28.39 kg hm-2 mm-1.Although organic and inorganic fertilizers increased input costs,they also increased apple yield and the income of fruit growers,and the growth rate of F300 treatment was the largest,Compared with T treatment,F300 treatment increased 17860yuan hm-2?2016?and 28885 yuan hm-2. |
PDF Full Text Request