| The fruit industry has become one of the important ways for farmers to get rich in recent years.However,the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in orchards is relatively serious,which restricts the development of fruit industry in China.The arduous prevention and control work has become a key link in the orchard management,and most orchards use hydraulic sprayer to prevent and control diseases and insect pests at present in China.The spray droplets of this sprayer is far away,but atomization is uneven,liquid loss is serious and labor intensity is high.This study designed a kind of orchard electrostatic sprayer and carried on the test according to the test standard,aiming at solving problems of the traditional sprayer above,improving liquids deposition rate of the inside and outside the tree canopy and leaf,improving labor efficiency and reducing labor intensity.The main work and the results are as follows:(1)The overall scheme of the sprayer was designed according to the new type of arboreal orchard in Yuncheng Pinglu.Designed a kind of orchard electrostatic sprayer which using tricycle as the chassis,and completed the whole machine structure and transmission system design according to the field research and consulting data as well as the analysis of different spray methods.(2)Selection of electrostatic device.The inductive charging method was selected to charge spray droplets through the analysis and comparison of different charging methods.The charging battery,electrostatic nozzle and switch,water valve switch and electrostatic generator were selected.(3)Designed the spray holder.Selected trapezoid spray stent through the analysis of different spray stents.And the spray rod was made using galvanized steel pipe.It was determined that the bottom edge fixed width of spray stent is 70 cm,adjustable width is 50 cm,spray rod length is 70 cm,the angle of spray rod and trapezoidal bottom edge is 45°,install five nozzle in the position perpendicular to the spray rod on one side,and the adjacent nozzle spacing is 14 cm through calculation and analysis.The results of finite element analysis show that the design of spray stent can meet the spray requirements of new orchard for pest control.(4)The sprayer was processed and trial-produced according to the design scheme and theoretical analysis.The spray quantity,spray quantity distribution uniformity,horizontalrange,droplet size and other spray properties were tested according to the general plant protection test method JB/ t9782-1999.The experimental results show that the optimal working pressure of the hydraulic pump is 2.0 MPa,the spacing of each nozzle is basically reasonable,the horizontal range is up to 2.2 m,and the electrostatic reduces the droplet size and improves the adhesion rate with the droplet size of electrostatic spray concentrated in60~80 μm and the non-electrostatic spray droplet size concentrated in 80~100 μm.(5)Carried out the orchard field experiment according to the orchard test standard.It was found that leaf droplets deposition of electrostatic spray is increased by 60% by the comparison of electrostatic and non-electrostatic spray.The amount of leaf spray droplets deposition meets the requirements of local orchards when the width of the trapezoid spray stent bottom edge is 85 cm by changing the width of the bottom edge for a comparative test.It is found that the deposition amount of spray droplets is more in line with the requirements when the tricycles travel at the speed of 3.6 km/h by comparing the tricycles with different driving speeds.The results above show that the electrostatic sprayer can meet the spray requirements,improve the work efficiency,reduce labor intensity,and has a certain practical value. |
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