| China is in the period of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization.So that more and more agricultural labor force has been transferred from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector.There has been a phenomenon of a large transfer of agricultural labor force.The transfer of labor force has affected the utilization and protection of cultivated land.The direct impact is that a large amount of cultivated land is abandoned or its utilization is extensive due to the insufficiency of agricultural labor force,which brings serious harm to the protection of cultivated land.And it is not only an irrational expression of land resource utilization,but also a serious economic and social problem.It is related to the construction of a new socialist countryside,affecting the social harmony and stability of the rural areas and China's food security aswellas the effective promotion of rural revitalization.Therefore,protecting cultivated land resources is of great significance.At the same time,because of the prevalence of mechanization in the plains,the land use of farmers is relatively high and the difference is not large.Due to the limitation of topographic conditions,the land use in mountainous areas is still dominated by manpower.In the context of the large transfer of labor force,mountainous land shows a significant trend of extensive.Therefore,the effective protection of mountain farmland resources has become one of the important ways to protect the national red line of cultivated land and ensure the balance of food supply and demand in mountainous areas.Based on the survey data of 555 households in 18 typical villages in Wuling Mountain Area,this paper analyzes the situation of labor force transfer in the study area.Combining with the actualsituation,starts from the 2 aspects of farmland quantity protection and quality protection.Then establishes a farmland protection index system with considering eight indexes including the area of abandoned land,the duration of abandoned land,the usage count of chemical fertilizers per unit area,the usage count of farmyard manure per unit area,the number of pesticides application per unit area,the number of herbicide application per unit area,the number of plastic mulch application per unit area,and whether or not to rotate crop.At the same time,the maximum or minimum value normalization method and the entropy weight method are used to determine the weight of each indicator and measure the value of cultivated land protection intensity.Then,on the basis of reading the literature,combined with the specific conditions of the study area,from the four aspects of residential topographical features,family labor characteristics,land management status,and family income structure,a total of 14 explanatory variables were selected and subjected to a multi-collinearity test.Finally,the Tobit regression model is used to analyze the main influencing factors of farmers' farmland protection intensity,and the mechanism of labor transfer on the intensity of cultivated land protection is discussed.The main findings are as follows:1.The average level of cultivated land protection intensity in the study area is low,and the overall level is at a medium-lower level.The situation of abandonment in the study area is generally more serious,and the age of abandoned land is long,and it is difficult to rehabilitate the abandoned land.In addition,few farmers adopt active arable land protection behaviors,and the number of farmyard manure applications is small,and few farm households are engaged in crop rotation.2.The large transfer of agricultural labor in the study area will weaken the intensity of cultivated land protection in the region.The labor transfer characteristics of the study area have a significant impact on the intensity of cultivated land protection.Among them,the proportion of agricultural labor force,the average health status of agricultural labor and the average cultural level of agricultural labor have a significant positive impact.3.The specific mechanism of labor transfer on the intensity of cultivated land protection is as follows: rural laborers trasfer to urban districtto gain higher incomes and better opportunities for action,and most of the left-behind labor force do not understand the farmland protection policy,and their acceptance and mastery of new technologies is not high,so it is impossible to adopt excessive farmland protection behavior,thus weakening the intensity of farmland protection.4.The degree of concurrent employment in the study area is relatively high,and the majority of the two-factory farmers are the majority.The proportion of non-agricultural income is reflected in the degree of rural households' occupation,which has a significant positive impact on the intensity of cultivated land protection.Compared with farming,the income from working outside the home is relatively high,which can increase the family income and meet the basic material living needs of the family.5.The sample households in the study area have land transfer behaviors,which have a significant positive impact on the intensity of cultivated land protection.In the context of the massive transfer of rural labor force,land transfer behavior can avoid the occurrence of idle or abandoned land,and it is also beneficial for farmers to carry out large-scale operations of agricultural production activities.Therefore,in response to the above conclusions,five related policy recommendations are proposed:1.Farmers' families actively take measures to protect cultivated land.When farmer households are subjectively cultivating land,they should increase their investment in the protective behavior of cultivated land.For example,the reclaimed land that can be reclaimed,the method of crop rotation,the application of farmyard manure and pollutionfree fertilizer,and reduce the environmental pollution of soil quality and surrounding areas to maintain soil fertility.2.Improve the degree of part-time households.In order to exert the positive impact of the degree of concurrent employment on the protection intensity of cultivated land,the degree of concurrent employment of the concurrent households should be actively increased,and the households of the households can choose to carry out higher-income non-agricultural work or longer non-agricultural working hours.3.Strengthen the promotion of agricultural technology and provide technical training guidance.Relevant agricultural departments should focus on strengthening technical guidance and training for farmers so that farmers can fully understand agricultural technology information.At the same time,the government should also strengthen the subsidies for agricultural machinery in the mountainous areas,develop micro-agricultural machinery that adapts to the mountainous terrain conditions,improve the mechanization of mountain areas,thereby strengthening the use of land by farmers,re-cultivating wasteland,and reducing the possibility of idle land.3.Repair the field roads to facilitate farmers to travel.The government and relevant departments should strengthen the construction of rural rural transportation infrastructure,and measures such as roads and country lanes can be taken to reduce the pressure on farmers to travel and farm.4.Improve and strengthen infrastructure construction.For example,repairing field roads,improving the medical and health service system,and improving the educational infrastructure.5.Increase land transfer and promote large-scale operation of agricultural production.Local governments should actively guide and encourage farmers to adopt various methods to carry out land transfer according to law,voluntarily and paidly;introduce local leading enterprises to carry out large-scale planting;develop and implement the project of “ability to return home”.At the same time,improve China's social security system and rural land transfer system,and strengthen supervision and management to make the arable land flow in a healthy and orderly manner. |
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