| Panax ginseng C.A.Mey is the dry root of Panax ginseng,which has a wide range of pharmacological functions.It has a history of medication for thousands of years.Its sources mainly include three kinds of cultivation types: Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv.Silvatica,Cultivated ginseng and Farmland ginseng.With the improvement of people’s living standards and the awareness of health care,the demand for ginseng has increased sharply,especially the high quality forest ginseng is in short supply.However,due to the implementation of the National Natural Forest Protection Project,the amount of cutting planting parameters has dropped sharply,the farm Land plantings have not yet fully matured,and the resources of the forests are insufficient,which have aggravated the contradiction between supply and demand.It has become a consensus to develop forest ginseng planting,but type of forest,place of origin,and the kind of slope planting forest ginseng are more reasonable? Which tree species are selected for returning farm Land to forests is conducive to the subsequent planting of ginseng? What is the age for harvesting? What about the quality of the forest ginseng in different environments? They are all waiting to be studied.Therefore,in this paper,the content of 20 ginseng monomer saponins was used as the evaluation index,and the effects of four factors including forest type,origin,age and aspect on the accumulation of ginsenosides in Linxia ginseng were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography.Secondly,using 21 kinds of amino acid content as the evaluation index,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to analyze the effects of forest type,origin,age and slope direction on the accumulation of amino acids in the forest.Thirdly,through the analysis of the effects of different forest types on the species and quantity of soil microbes in the rhizosphere of the forest,and the correlation mechanism of the ginsenosides and amino acids.Finally,the effects of different soil ginseng rhizosphere soil microbes on the conversion of ginsenosides were studied to verify the accumulation mechanism of ginsenosides and amino acids.The main results were:1.The influence of forest type,origin,age and aspect on the accumulation of ginsenosides in the forests: 14 different ginseng saponins in different forest types,producing areas,ages and slopes;and 3 other forests Type comparison,the content of ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rf,Rb1,Rb2,Rb3,Rg5 and the content of 20 monomer saponins were the highest(P<0.05);Compared with the place of origin,the content of Rg1 and Rf of the ginsenosides in Lushuihe Town of Fusong County was the highest(P<0.05).The contents of the saponins Rg1,Rf and Rb1 of the 15 years old forest were compared under the three different annual forests.The highest(P<0.05),the content of the compound ginsenoside Compound K and the original ginseng diol in the 5-year-old forest were the highest(P<0.05).Compared with the three different slope directions,the content of the saponins Rb2 and Rb3 in the sloping forest The highest(P<0.05),the content of saponin Rh2 in the sloping forest was the highest(P<0.05).The forest type,origin,age and aspect have an effect on the content of ginsenoside,and the effect of forest type on ginsenoside content is the most significant.The content of saponins Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv.Silvatica in Pinus sylvestris Linn.is higher and the quality is better.2.Effects of forest type,origin,age and aspect on the accumulation of amino acids in ginseng of different forest types: different forest types,producing areas,ages and slopes were all contained in 17 kinds of monomeric amino acids;4 types of forest types were compared,The medicinal amino acid content,essential amino acid content,total amino acid content,free total amino acid content and monomeric amino acids Asp,Glu,Gly,Arg,Ala,Pro,Tyr,of the undergrowth of Pinus sylvestris Linn.The contents of Val,Leu,Phe and Lys were significantly higher than those in larch and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests(P<0.05).Compared with the other five producing areas,the amino acid content and total amino acid content of the ginseng in Yanping Township of Jingyu County were compared.The contents of Glu,Leu and Trp were the highest(P<0.05).The amino acid content,total amino acid content and free total amino acid content of the 15 th year old forest were the highest(P<0.05).The content of single amino acid His and Phe in the 10-year-old forest was the highest(P<0.05).Compared with the three different slope directions,the amino acid content,total amino acid content and monomeric amino acid content of the lower slope of the sunny slope and Pingpo forest were compared.Gly,His,Thr,Ala Pro content was significantly higher than that of shady slope(P<0.05).Among them,the forest type have the most significant effect on the amino acid content of ginseng.In the Pinus sylvestris mongolica forest and broad-leaved forest type,the amino acid content in Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv.Silvatica is higher and the quality is the best.3.The effects of different forest types on soil microbial species and quantity in the rhizosphere soil of the forest ginseng: The species and quantity of colonies in the rhizosphere soil of the forest ginseng under each forest type were different.Seven kinds of bacteria were isolated and identified in the rhizosphere soil of four different forest types.The number of Pseudomonas species in the broad-leaved forest group was significantly higher than that in the larch forest group and the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest group(P<0.05),Xanthomonas and wax.The number of Bacillus subtilis was significantly higher than that of the other three forest type groups(P<0.05).The microbial species and quantity in the rhizosphere soil of different forest types were different.4.Correlation analysis between soil microbes and ginseng saponins in rhizosphere of forest under different forest types: B.subtilis,Pseudomonas,Xanthomonas,Bacillus cereus and a variety of monomeric saponins were significantly positively correlated;Monocytogenes,Xanthomonas,and Bacillus cereus were significantly positively correlated with various amino acid contents.There are many kinds of saponins and amino acids in the ginseng forest under the Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.It is related to the number of Bacillus cereus,Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas,and there are many kinds of ginseng under the broad-leaved forest.High amino acid content is related to the number of Pseudomonas.Different saponins and amino acid contents in different ginseng ginseng are related to the type and quantity of microorganisms.5.Effects of different ginseng rhizosphere soil microorganisms on ginsenoside conversion: Xanthomonas has significant promoting effects on monomeric saponins Rg2,F2,Rb3,Rh4,diol saponins,triol saponins and saponins(P<0.05),Bacillus cereus had a significant effect on the content of monomeric saponins Rc and Rb2(P<0.05).Pseudomonas had a good effect on the sum of monomeric saponin Rb3,diol saponin and saponin.(P<0.05);the four types of ginseng rhizosphere soil microbial composite group significantly promoted the saponin addition value(P<0.05),Pinus sylvestris var.ginseng rhizosphere soil microbial composite group to monomer saponin Rh4 The content had significant effect(P<0.05).The broad-leaved forest ginseng rhizosphere soil microbial composite group had a good promoting effect on monomeric saponin Rb3 and diol saponin(P<0.05),larch forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest type.The ginseng rhizosphere soil microbial composite group significantly promoted the monomeric saponins Rc,Rb3 and diol saponins(P<0.05).The rhizosphere microorganisms of the ginseng roots are beneficial to the transformation of ginsenosides,but the degree of transformation is different.Among them,the transformation of ginseng monomer saponins by Xanthomonas,Bacillus cereus and the microbial complexes in the rhizosphere soil of four forest types The promotion effect was significant(P<0.05). |
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