Comparative Analysis Of Growth Performance,Meat Quality And Growth-related Genes Expression In Offsprings Of Different Crossbreed Geese

In this study,Taihu Geese,Luoman Geese and Zhedong White Geese were used as parents to design five experimental groups,group A Tailuo Geese(Taihu Geese male×Luoman Geese female),group B Luotai Geese(Roman Geese male×Taihu Geese female),group C Zheluo Geese(Zhedong White Geese male×Roman Geese female),group D Luoman Geese(Roman geese breeding)and group E Taihu Geese(Taihu goose breeding).The 70-day-old offspring of each group was used as the study object to compare the differences in growth performance,slaughter performance,flesh color,pH,inosinic acid,intramuscular fat amino acid and fatty acid levels among different combinations.The differences in mRNA expression levels of MSTN,GHR and MyoD1 genes in breast and leg muscles were compared by fluorescence quantitative PCR technology and correlated with slaughter performance,thus providing certain reference data for the breeding of meat geese supporting systems.The relevant test results are as follows.(1)Growth performance,the progeny of the five groups of test gooses had the same growth pattern,roughly the "S" type,and the fastest growth rate of Zheluo geese.The highest body weight at 70 days was 3737 g,which was significantly higher than the other four groups(P<0.01),Tailuo geese was significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.05).(2)Slaughter performance,in the five experimental groups,the slaughter weight,semi-net weight and total net weight of Zheluo geese were significantly higher than the other four groups(P<0.01).The highest slaughtering rate and total net slug rate of Tailuo Geese were 89.76%and 70.14%,and the lowest values of Taihu Geese were 83.52%and 63.45%.The breast muscle weight of Zheluo geese was significantly higher than that of the other four groups(P<0.01).The chest muscle rate was significantly higher than Luotai Geese,Luoman Geese and Taihu Geese(P<0.01),which was significantly higher than that of Tai Luo Geese(P<0.05).The leg muscle weight of Zheluo Geese was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of the other four groups(P<0.01).The results of this study indicate that the slaughter performance of Zheluo Goose is good.(3)Routine meat quality:The pH value of the leg muscles is greater than the pH value of the pectoral muscles,and the pH value of the chest muscles of the Taihu geese is significantly greater than that of the Tailuo geese(P<0.05).In each group of chest muscles,the L value of Zheluo Geese was significantly lower than that of Luotai Geese,Roman Geese,and Taihu Geese(P<0.05).The flesh-colored a-value Roman Geese was significantly higher than the other four groups(P<0.01);the flesh-colored B-values were no significant difference between the groups.There was no significant difference in leg muscle color L value and a value(P>0.05);the flesh color b value was the largest in the Taihu Geese,the smallest in the Roman geese,and the Taihu Geese was significantly higher than the Roman geese(P<0.05).(4)Mutant substances and nutrients,inosinic acid content in breast muscle of each group,the content of Roman geese and Tailuo geese were significantly higher than Zheluo Geese(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in leg muscles between groups(P>0.05).The content of intramuscular fat in the breast muscle of Zheluo geese was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in the other four groups(P<0.01).In the leg muscle,the content of Tailuo geese and Zheluo geese was significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.05).The contents of linoleic acid,linolenic acid,and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the breast muscle of Tailuo Geese and Roman Geese were significantly higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.01),and the two groups was not significant(P>0.05).The content of arachidonic acid in Zheluo Geese and Roman Geese was extremely high significantly higher than Tailuo Geese(P<0.01).In the leg muscles of each group,the content of hybrid linoleic acid and linolenic acid was significantly higher than that of purebred geese(P<0.01);the contents of arachidonic acid in Luotai Geese and Taihu Geese were significantly higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.01):The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of Tailuo Geese and Zheluo Geese was significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.01).The contents of essential amino acids in breast muscles and leg muscles of Tailuo Geese and Zheluo Geese were significantly higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.01).The content of amino acids and total amino acids in Taro breast muscle was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in the other four groups(P<0.01).The content of amino acid in the taste of the Taro leg was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of the other four groups(P<0.01),and the total amino acid content was significantly higher than that of the Zhego Geese(P<0.01).The results of this study showed that the contents of nutrients and umami substances in the muscles of Tailuo Geese and Zheluo Geese were higher than the other three groups.(5)Gene expression,MSTN gene had the highest expression in Taihu Geese muscle,and the expression level in breast muscle was significantly higher than the other four groups(P<0.01),and the expression level in leg muscle was significantly higher than that in Luotai Geese and Zheluo Geese(P<0.05);GHR gene expression was highest in chest muscles.of Roman Geese,which was significantly higher than Luotai geese(P<0.05).The content of GHR gene was higher in the leg muscles of Zheluo Geese and Roman Geese than in Tailuo Geese(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of MyoD1 between legs muscles(P>0.05).In breast muscle,the expression of MyoD1 was significantly higher than that of the other three groups(P<0.01).(6)Correlation analysis,mRNA expression of MSTN gene,GHR gene and MyoD1 gene was negatively correlated with slaughter performance.There was a positive correlation between MSTN gene and GHR gene and a very significant positive correlation with MyoDl gene.There was a significant positive correlation between GHR gene and MyoD1 gene.In this study,the MSTN gene expression group had a lower rate of meat production,while the low expression group had a higher meat production rate.In summary,Tailuo Geese and Zheluo Geese were superior to the other three groups in terms of growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality,and showed obvious heterosis.MSTN gene was selected as the growth trait in breeding of geese genetic markers.