Environmental And Crop Yield Effects Of Soil-ridged And Substrate-embedded Cultivation Treated With Straw Landfill In Chinese Solar Greenhouse In Southern Xinjiang

Facility farmland straw landfilling is a new type of utilization of straw waste for agricultural resource utilization,which play a important role in ameliorating ecological environment,such as improving soil fertility,increasing organic carbon content,releasing CO₂ gas fertilizer after decomposition,and improving soil temperature and heat performance,particularly suitable for the resource utilization of vegetable straw in facilities.Facility farmland straw landfill technology make a great benefit to solve the problems of low ground temperature,severely insufficient CO₂,and low soil organic matter content in solar greenhouses in southern Xinjiang in winter,It has potential to promote greenhouse crop growth and increase crop yields,at the same time,it provides a technical way to solve the problem of resource recycling of agricultural waste.In this experiment,a new type of facility vegetable cultivation method-soil ridged substrate embedded cultivation is used as a solar greenhouse field cultivation method.Crop straw resources and decomposed and fermented chicken manure are mixed according to the mass ratio,and be filled into the different spatial positions of embedded matrix cultivating ridges in solar greenhouse ridges.According to measuring and analyzing some indicators,which like as the growth and yield indicators of tomato and pepper plants,soil temperature and greenhouse CO₂ concentration,to explore the effects of suitable straw types,fermentation conditions,and straw landfill methods on the growth,development,yield,and environmental factors of straw in landfill facilities were investigated to provide a scientific basis for the construction of a straw landfill technology model for ridges in solar greenhouse.The main findings are as follows:1.The field experiment method of solar greenhouse was used to study the effects of four straw types:rice straw,corn straw,tomato straw and cowpea straw on the temperature of root zone,CO₂ concentration in landfill and tomato growth.The test results show that the four kinds of straws in the landfill can increase the temperature of the root zone,increase the CO₂ concentration in the landfill zone,and promote the growth of tomatoes.Among them,tomato straw performed the best.The minimum and maximum values of the root zone temperature were increased by 2.42?and 2.03?respectively by comparing with the blank control,and the minimum and maximum values of CO₂ concentration were increased by 276mg/m³ and387mg/m³ respectively,it also promoted the growth of tomatoes in increasing tomato plant height,stem thickness,leaf number and leaf chlorophyll SPAD value.2.The field experiment method of solar greenhouse was used to study the effects of landfill the tomato straw,corn straw,and chicken manure in the form of ditch landfill at a ratio of 5:1,6:1,7:1,and 8:1.On the temperature of root zone,CO₂ concentration in landfill area and tomato growth in soil ridged substrate embedded cultivation.The test results showed that the temperature of the root zone performed best when the tomato straw with chicken mixtured at the ratio in 6:1,and corn straw with chicken mixtured at the ratio of 8:1,and the minimum and maximum temperatures of the blank control increased by 1.93?,1.63?,2.78?and 1.53?respectively;the average CO₂ concentration is significantly higher than that of the blank control and other treatments,and it is 37.37%higher than that of the blank control when the tomato straw and chicken mixture at the ratio of 6:1.Furthermore,it can promote tomato growth,which manifested in increasing tomato plant height,stem thickness,leaf number,leaf chlorophyll SPAD value and tomato biomass.Comprehensive comparison,it's show significant role in improving the temperature of the root zone when with the mixture of tomato straw and chicken at the ratio of 6:1 and corn straw with chicken at the ratio of 8:1.It can greatly produce CO₂ and promote plant growth when nutrient soil with the mixture of tomato straw with chicken manure ratio with the ratio at 6:1.3.The field experiment method of solar greenhouse was used to study the different spatial positions of soil ridged substrate embedded cultivation in soil cultivated ridges?ridge side,under ridge,and trench?.Effects of yield,soil temperature,and greenhouse CO₂ concentration.The test results show that,all landfill methods can increase the temperature of different spatial positions of the soil ridged substrate embedded cultivation,increase the CO₂ concentration,and promote the growth and yield of pepper compared with the blank control.Among them,the landfill of straw on the ridge side can significantly increase the air temperature and the root zone temperature.The landfill of straw in the trench can significantly increase the trench temperature.The landfill of straw under the ridge can significantly increase the soil temperature under the ridge.The CO₂ concentration was significantly higher than that of the blank control and other treatments,which were 60.61%,68.82%,and 52.99%higher than those of the blank control at the seedling,flowering,and fruiting stages,respectively.The plant height,stem thickness,and chlorophyll SPAD of burial on the ridge side value and pepper biomass were significantly higher than those of the blank control at seedling,flowering and fruiting stages,and other treatments were higher than those of the blank control,but there was no significant difference from the blank control.The early and intermediate yields of straw landfilled on the ridge side The yields at both the later and later stages were significantly higher than those of the blank control,and the total yield increased by 24.52%compared to the blank control.In a comprehensive comparison,the effect of burying straw on the ridge side was better.