Study On Selection Of Culture Medium Of Yellow Sand And Slag And The Coupling Effect Of Water And Fertilizer For The Cultivation Of Cucumber In South Xinjiang

With the rapid development of facility agriculture in Xinjiang,it has become one of the important ways for Xinjiang farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich.At present,due to the high content of soil salt and alkali,and the serious secondary salinization in the facilities,most of the facilities adopt the substrate cultivation.But most of the substrates used in the cultivation come from the south of China,and the price is expensive,which greatly limits the expansion of the planting area and the improvement of the benefit of the facilities vegetables in Xinjiang.In order to solve this problem,based on the principle of saving cost and increasing efficiency,the resource-rich yellow sand and slag in Xinjiang were used as the cultivation medium.Using cucumber"xintaimi thorn"as the experimental material,different proportion treatments were set up to determine the physical and chemical properties of the substrate and the growth status.Through the comparison of cucumber yield and quality,the optimal proportion of the substrate suitable for the cucumber cultivation in the South Xinjiang was selected.Using the formula as the cultivation substrate,the effects of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on cucumber growth and development were studied.The results are as follows:?1?The substrates with different proportions of yellow sand and slag have good permeability,and the sequence of their water-holding pores from large to small is T7>T6>T5>T4>T3>T2>T1.The porosity changes with the proportion of yellow sand in the substrate.The pH values of the substrates with different proportions of yellow sand and slag show a partial alkaline state.From T1 and T7,it can be found that the majority of N,P,and K in the substrates come from slag.The content of metal elements in the substrate increases as the proportion of slag increases and the content of heavy metal elements in the substrates with different proportions of yellow sand and slag is within the range of national standard.?2?The growth rate of cucumber plants in different proportions of yellow sand and slag was"fast slow-fast",which was consistent with the"S"pattern of plant growth.In this study,T3 had the highest chlorophyll content,and T5 had no significant difference in carotenoid content from T3 and was significantly higher than other treatments.?3?The changes of gas exchange parameters of cucumber leaves in different proportions of yellow sand and slag were different.The net photosynthetic rate?Pn=17.40?mol/m² s?of T1 was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The stomatal conductance?GS=0.93 mol/m² s?,intercellular CO₂concentration?Ci=346.95?mol/mol?and transpiration rate?Tr=10.62 mmol/m² s?of T6 were significantly higher than those of other treatments.T2 had the highest water use efficiency?WUE=2.21mmol/mol?.?4?In this study,the early yield of T5?1125.62 kg/667m²?was the highest.The total yield of T6 was the highest?2690.36 kg/667m²?.The content of soluble solids and Vc in T7 is high.T3 had the highest soluble sugar content.T6 had the highest soluble protein content.Through the comprehensive evaluation,T5 that is5:4 of yellow sand and slag is the best.?5?Under the condition of water and fertilizer coupling,the level of 90%EP?Evolution?was helpful for the growth of plant height,stem diameter,and the number of leaves.Water content of 75%EP?Evolution?and low fertilization can increase the photosynthetic capacity of cucumber plants.The water use efficiency under 65%EP?Evolution?treatment combination is the highest.Under the water supply level of 115%EP?Evolution?,reducing the application of N and P fertilizer was helpful to improve the water use efficiency of plants.?6?Under the water supply of 75%EP?Evolution?,lower N and P fertilizer,higher K fertilizer or higher N and K fertilizer,and lower P fertilizer can effectively increase the single fruit weight of cucumber.Under the condition of 90%EP?Evolution?water,medium N and P fertilizer,and then applying high K fertilizer,the cucumber yield was at a high level.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation of cucumber yield and quality was carried out.The optimal combination of cucumber yield and quality was treatment combination 16,namely 90%EP?Evolution?and N 540 kg/hm²+P₂O₅270 kg/hm²+K₂O 1043 kg/hm².