| The harvest period of bayberry in open field cultivation is short and easy to suffer from continuous cloudy and rainy days,which leads to the decrease of yield and the decline of fruit quality.However,the mechanism of formation and regulation of bayberry fruit quality by internal environmental factors in the facility cultivation has not been clearly defined,and targeted cultivation measures cannot be adopted,leading to poor cultivation results.The study on the change of internal environmental factors and the influence on fruit quality formation in facility culture can provide theoretical basis for the high quality cultivation of facility arbutus.In this paper,the main cultivars of bayberry ‘Dongkui' and ‘Biqi' in Zhejiang Province were used as experimental materials to promote early cultivation and shelter from rain,and the open field cultivation was taken as the control group to explore the changing rules of environmental factors under different cultivation conditions and study the influence of different cultivation conditions on the growth,development and quality formation of waxberry fruit.The main results are as follows:1.The changes of environmental factors in facility cultivation were significantly different from those in open field,which affected the phenology period and fruit quality of Bayberry.Among them,the average temperature and relative humidity of early cultivation greenhouse was significantly higher than that of open field,and the phenological period of bayberry was advanced.During January-March period,the average temperature of the greenhouse promoting early cultivation was 2.6? higher than that of in the open field,the early flowering period and the early fruiting period of arbutus were advanced.The average temperature of early cultivation environment was the highest(23.8?),the average temperature of rainsheltered cultivation was 23.5?,and the lowest temprature was 20.7? in the open ground.The relative humidity distribution in early greenhouse and rain shelter was 4.2% and 3.5% higher than that in open field.The covering material of greenhuose is PC board,and the light intensity is only 50%?60% less than that of the open field,which obviously affects the synthesis and accumulation of fruit anthocyanin,leading to the fruit color of early cultivation of bayberry significantly lower than the open field.From January to March,the average carbon dioxide concentration in the early-promoting greenhouse reached 521.3 ?L·L-1,which was 14.9% higher than that in the open field.However,during the fruit development period from April to June,the average carbon dioxide in the early-promoting greenhouse and rain-sheltered greenhouse was 386.5 ?L·L-1and 370.1 ?L·L-1,which were lower 14.5%and 18.1%,respectively than those in the open field.2.The fruit development rules of Bayberry were basically the same under different cultivation conditions,which all began to grow rapidly 60 days after the florescence,and a large amount of soluble sugar and other nutrients were accumulated.Among them,the fruit quality of 'Dongkui' bayberry cultivated in facilities was significantly improved compared with that in open field.The single fruit weight of ‘Dongkui' bayberry cultivated in early cultivation and rain-sheltered cultivation increased by 22.4% and 22.6%,respectively,compared with that in open field.The longitudinal and transverse diametral of early cultivation ‘Dongkui' bayberry were significantly increased by 13.4% and 13.6% compared with those in open field,while the longitudinal and transverse diametral of rain-sheltered cultivation were significantly increased by 15.7% and 14.3% compared with those in open field.But promoting early cultivation and rain shelter cultivation had no significant effect on single fruit weight and longitudinal and transverse diameter of bayberry.The soluble solid content,solid acid ratio and glycolic acid ratio of dongkui fruits promoted by early cultivation were 23.9%,53.6% and 35.9% higher than those of ‘Dongkui' fruits in open fields respectively.However,the anthocyanin content of early cultivation ‘Dongkui' arbutus fruit was 8.4 mg/100 g,which decreased by 55% and 66.7%,respectively,compared with that of rainsheltered cultivation and open field cultivation.However,early cultivation and rain-sheltered cultivation had no significant effect on the fruit quality of bayberry fruit of ‘Biqi'.3.Based on the analysis of the activity of soluble sugar components and enzymes related to sucrose metabolism,it was found that the establishment cultivation significantly affected the sugar accumulation and metabolism process of bayberry fruit.The results showed that under different cultivation methods,the soluble sugar content of fruits of ‘Dongkui' and ‘Biqi' began to accumulate 60 days after flowering,and reached the highest total sugar content in the ripe stage of bayberry fruit,among which sucrose content was the highest,accounting for more than 50% of the total soluble sugar.The total soluble sugar content of early cultivation ‘Dongkui' bayberry was 10.8% and 9.5% higher than that of rain-sheltered and open field cultivars,but the total sugar content of early cultivation and rain-sheltered cultivars was lower than that of open field cultivars about 7.9% and 11.25%.Sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)is closely related to sucrose synthesis.The sucrose content in the fruit of "Dongkui" bayberry in early cultivation was 7.6% and 3.8% higher than that in rain-sheltered and open field cultivation,but the sucrose content in the fruit of ‘Biqi' in early cultivation and rain-sheltered cultivation was 22.5% and 8.9% lower than that in open cultivation,respectively.At the same time,it was found that the activity of SPS in early cultivation of ‘Dongkui' bayberry fruit was higher than that in rain shelter and open field,and the activity of SPS in fruit of ‘Biqi' in open field was higher than that in early cultivation and rain shelter,which was consistent with the change of sucrose accumulation.In addition,the activity changes of sucrose acid invertase(AI)and neutral invertase(NI)were negatively correlated with sucrose accumulation,while the activity of sucrose synthase(SS)was less correlated with sucrose accumulation.4.Through regression analysis,it was found that the average air temperature was an important environmental factor affecting the growth of bayberry fruit,and the ambient air temperature suitable for the growth of bayberry fruit in greenhouses and plastic tunnels was 25??26.1?.The per mu output value of promoting early cultivation of bayberry reached 27,350 yuan,and the economic benefit was significantly improved,which was 1.6 times that of rain-sheltered cultivation and 4.2 times that of openfield cultivation. |
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