Prediction Of Potential Distribution Area Of Aconitum Carmichaeli Debx. Based On Maxent Model And Analysis Of Environmental Factors Affecting Effective Components

The lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.called Fuzi.Is one of 40 kinds of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in China.The main function of Fuzi are to lower blood sugar,lower poison,anti-inflammatory and analgesic,disperse cold and dehumidification,and resist arrhythmia,in addition to limb cold pulse,cold vomiting and diarrhea,cold dampness pain and other diseases [1],it is widely used in clinical treatment [2],with the overall increase of the Chinese herbal medicine market in recent years,the market demand for Fuzi surged.It led to besides farmers for Hanzhong in Shaanxi province and Jiangyou in Sichuan province begun large-scale cultivation,they are original production areas.It is also in Yunnan and Shanxi province.However,the suitability and drug efficacy status of Fuzi cultivation in these new planting areas still lack systematic and scientific evaluation way.Carrying out the prediction and suitability evaluation of the potential distribution area of Fuzi in China,and assessing the influence of climatic factors on the growth and quality of Fuzi in all regions have important guiding significance for the scientific planning and field management technology improvement of new Fuzi cultivation areas.This study uses Fuzi selected from 23 areas as a material,combined with 283 Fuzi information obtained from multiple digital specimen platforms,using Maxent and GIS technology to evaluate and predict the potential suitable distribution area and suitability grade of Fuzi,and appropriate planting divisions of Fuzi was made for some province with large planting areas.In addition,the alkaloid,polysaccharide,protein and amino acid contents of 23 collected Fuzi samples were combined with climatic factors to explore their correlation.The main findings are as follows:1.The 27 climatic factors involved in the modeling results in the Maxent simulation that AUC = 0.981,including: the warmest season precipitation bio18,the December solar radiation srad12,the seasonal temperature variation variance bio4,the highest temperature in January 9 environmental factors,maxt1 and December maximum temperature maxt12,precipitation variation coefficient bio15,average temperature in the dry season bio9,average temperature in the coldest quarter bio11 and extreme minimum temperature bio6 are the most critical climatic factors affecting the potential distribution of Fuzi.2.The suitable habitat range of Fuzi is mainly concentrated in central China,mainly distributed in Shaanxi,Yunnan,Henan,Guangxi,Sichuan,Jiangxi,Hubei,Chongqing,Fujian,Guizhou,Anhui,Hunan and Zhejiang.The total suitable habitat area of Fuzi in China is 4,546,500 km2,accounting for 47.19% of China's land area.Among them,the most suitable,more suitable and generally suitable habitat areas are1.6043 million km2,1.5134 million km2 and 1.4288 million km2,respectively,accounting for 16.65%,15.71% and 14.83% of China's land area.3.The impact of future climate change on the suitable habitat distribution of Fuzi mainly depends on how much the suitable habitat area changes and the distribution range changes.With the passage of time,the optimal habitat distribution area of Fuzi will decrease sharply,and its distribution area will gradually migrate to the northeastern part of China.Under three different RCP climate scenarios,the potential suitable distribution area of Fuzi showed a decreasing trend.4.Some climatic factors have a significant correlation with the effective component content of Fuzi.Studies have found that the polysaccharide content of Fuzi has a significant negative correlation with bio14(P <0.05),and the protein content has no significant correlation with the climatic factors.There is also a significant or extremely significant correlation between the content of some amino acids and their derivatives,the content of alkaloids,and related climatic factors such as bio3,bio8,bio14 and tmax3,srad5 etc.A comprehensive evaluation of the effective component factors of 23 areas of Fuzi results in a comprehensive score of the quality of Fuzi,Mianyang of Sichuan province is found in the ranking highest.