| ‘Tiangong Feicui'is a new variety of triploid seedless hybrid European and American grape bred by Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,which belongs to early-medium maturing variety.It's easy to form flowers and had strong growth potential,with crisp texture,thin peel and light melon fragrance.It also has strong resistance to disease,but easy to crack and infected with gray mold.‘Xin Ya'is a new Eurasian grape variety bred by The Development&Research Center of Grape,Melon and Fruits in Xinjiang,which belongs to late maturing variety.It's easy to form flowers and control the growth of branches,besides,it has high fruiting rate,moderate fruit setting rate and stable yield,with beautiful cluster appearance,large fruit grain and uniform color.It's suitable for delayed harvest and meet the requirements of labor-saving cultivation because of little need for fruit thinning.It's more resistance to fungal diseases,but easy to crack and be damaged by the sunscald and gas burning,etc.In this paper,the experimental materials were three-year-old‘Tiangong Feicui'and‘Xin Ya'grapevine grafting trees without flower thinning and fruit thinning.The experiment took place at the experimental base of the Scientific Research and Innovation,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Haining in 2018-2019.‘Tiangong Feicui'grapevines were grafted onto fourteen different rootstocks,‘Xin Ya'grapevines were grafted onto twenty-one different rootstocks,‘Tiangong Feicui'and‘Xin Ya'self-root trees were used as the control,respectively.The experiment adopted steel pipe connected building greenhouses for cultivation,grape frame type of‘Tiangong Feicui'was single cross‘bird'frame,while‘Xin Ya'was‘H'frame,plant row spacing was 2.5m×1m,north-south line.The experiment was designed as a random block arrangement,single row plot,each treatment 3 plots,each plot 5 plants.The phenophase,growth and fruit habit,fruit quality and infected cluster rate of experimental materials were investigated.It adopted comprehensive evaluation by principal component analysis,to select the most suitable rootstocks for‘Tiangong Feicui'and‘Xin Ya'grapevine,overcome the defects of‘Tiangong Feicui'and‘Xin Ya'in Zhejiang area,so that improve the quality of grape varieties,guide the production,promote the healthy and sustainable development of the grape industry in Zhejiang.Specific research results are as follows:1.Effects of rootstocks on phenophase of‘Tiangong Feicui'and‘Xin Ya' grapevine:?1?Taking‘5C',‘Beaumont',‘5BB'and‘Beta'as rootstocks could advance the veraison period of‘Tiangong Feicui'for 1 to 3 days.Taking‘1103P'as rootstocks could delay the veraison period of‘Tiangong Feicui'for 1 to 2 days.?2?Taking‘225Ru',‘5BB'and‘Kangzhen No.5'as rootstocks could advance the verasion period of‘Xin Ya'for 1 to 7 days.Taking‘Beaumont'as rootstocks could delay the verasion period of‘Xin Ya'for 1 to 4 days.2.Effects of rootstocks on growth and fruit habit of‘Tiangong Feicui'and‘Xin Ya'grapevine:?1?‘Tiangong Feicui'grapevines were grafted onto‘Beta',‘Beaumont'and‘101-14'without small feet,while grafted onto‘Huajia No.8',‘225Ru',‘Riparia Gloire',‘3309C'and‘110R'without obvious small feet.Taking‘Huajia No.8',‘Beta',‘Beaumont',‘3309C',‘101-14',‘110R',‘Kangzhen No.1'and‘Saltcreek'as rootstocks could enhance the growth potential of‘Tiangong Feicui',while taking‘Dogridge'as rootstocks could weaken.The yield per plant of‘101-14'and‘Kangzhen No.1'grafting trees had 23.67%and 15.51%obviously higher than the control,respectively,while other rootstocks grafting trees were lower.?2?‘Xin Ya'grapevines were grafted onto‘420A'without small feet,while grafted onto‘5BB',‘Beaumont',‘101-14',‘3309C',‘Kangzhen No.1'and‘Macadams'without obvious small feet.Taking‘Macadams'as rootstocks could weaken the growth potential of‘Xin Ya'.Taking‘420A'and‘5BB'as rootstocks could increase the percentage of pullulation,the percentage of fruiting branches and the yield per plant,while‘Shen 530'could decrease.The yield per plant of‘Xin Ya'grafted onto‘5BB'was the highest,reaching 47.06 kg,followed by‘Xin Ya'grafted onto‘110R'with the yield of 42.00 kg.3.Effects of rootstocks on cluster infection of‘Tiangong Feicui'and‘Xin Ya' grapevine:?1?Taking‘5C',‘110R',‘Saltcreek',‘1103P',‘5BB',‘Dogridge'and‘Huajia No.8'as rootstocks could reduce the cracking cluster rate and gray mold cluster rate of‘Tiangong Feicui'.Taking‘Beta'as rootstocks could reduce the cracking cluster rate and there was no obvious difference in the gray mold cluster rate compare with the control.?2?‘Xin Ya'grafted onto‘Rupestrisdulot'had the lowest infected cluster rate,sunscald and gas burning cluster rate,cracking cluster rate,gray mold cluster rate were50.98%,26.47%,63.24%lower than the control,respectively,and no shrinkage cluster and anthrax cluster.‘Xin Ya'grafted onto‘5C',‘Macadams',‘Freedom',‘5BB',‘Dogridge'and‘Kangzhen No.5'had slightly shrinkage cluster and no anthrax cluster,reduce the sunscald and gas burning,cracking,gray mold cluster rate.‘Xin Ya'grafted onto‘101-14'and‘Shen 530'had slightly shrinkage cluster and anthrax cluster,reduce the sunscald and gas burning,cracking,gray mold cluster rate.4.Effects of rootstocks on appearance quality of‘Tiangong Feicui'and‘Xin Ya' grapevine:?1?The cluster weight of‘101-14'and‘Kangzhen No.1'grafting trees had23.67%,15.51%heavier than the control of‘Tiangong Feicui',respectively.The berry weight of stock-scion combinations of‘Tiangong Feicui'were all lighter than the control.Taking‘3309C'and‘Beta'as rootstocks could increase the fruit shape index and the fruit length of‘Tiangong Feicui'.?2?Taking‘5BB'and‘101-14'as rootstocks could significantly increase the cluster weight of‘Xin Ya',reaching 1238.3 g and 1111.07 g,respectively.The berry weight of stock-scion combinations of‘Xin Ya'were all lighter than the control.Taking‘420A',‘Riparia Gloire',‘3309C'and‘5C'as rootstocks could all increase the fruit shape index and the fruit length of‘Xin Ya'.5.Effects of rootstocks on internal quality of‘Tiangong Feicui'and‘Xin Ya' grapevine:?1?Taking‘3309C'as rootstock could significantly enhance the hardness of‘Tiangong Feicui'and made it more storable and transportable.Taking both‘Dogridge'and‘110R'as rootstocks could significantly increase the total sugar content of‘Tiangong Feicui',reaching 164.19 mg·g-1,163.43 mg·g-1,respectively.Taking‘101-14',‘110R'and‘Dogridge'as rootstocks all increase the content of sucrose,glucose and fructose of‘Tiangong Feicui'.Taking‘Dogridge',‘110R',‘Kangzhen No.1,'‘5C',‘Beta',‘5BB',‘225Ru',‘Beaumont'and‘101-14'as rootstocks all significantly increase the soluble solids of‘Tiangong Feicui',and taking‘Dogridge'as rootstock was the highest,reaching 20.30%.The titratable acid content of stock-scion combinations of‘Tiangong Feicui'all were significantly more than the control.‘Tiangong Feicui'grafted onto‘Saltcreek'had the highest tartaric acid content among the experimental materials,reaching 2.09 mg·g-1,‘Tiangong Feicui'grafted onto‘Beaumont'had the highest malic acid content,reaching 2.53 mg·g-1,‘Tiangong Feicui'grafted onto‘Dogridge'had the highest citric acid content,reaching 0.38 mg·g-1.Taking‘110R'and‘Beta'as rootstocks could increase the ration of soluble solid to acid of‘Tiangong Feicui'.Taking‘3309C',‘Huajia No.8',‘Saltcreek',‘5C',‘Beaumont',‘Riparia Gloire',‘Kangzhen No.1',‘Beta'and‘1103P'as rootstocks all significantly increased the fruit moisture content of‘Tiangong Feicui'.The total phenols content of stock-scion combinations of‘Tiangong Feicui'all were more than the control.?2?Taking‘110R',‘Shen 530',‘Dogridge',‘225Ru'and‘5C'as rootstocks could enhance the hardness of‘Xin Ya'and were more resistant to storage and transportation.Taking‘Ripari Gloire',‘Kangzhen No.1',‘Rupestrisdulot',‘SO4'and‘101-14'as rootstocks all significantly increased the total sugar content of‘Xin Ya'.Taking‘Riparia Gloire'and‘Kangzhen No.1'as rootstocks could increase the sucrose,glucose and fructose content of‘Xin Ya'.The soluble solids of‘Xin Ya'grafted onto‘101-14'was highest,reaching 20.61%.Taking‘225Ru',‘SO4',‘Freedom'and‘Kangzhen No.3'as rootstock could significantly decrease the titratable acid of‘Xin Ya'.Taking‘Riparia Gloire',‘225Ru',‘101-14',‘SO4',‘5C',‘110R',‘Shen 530',‘Beaumont',‘1103P',‘5BB'and‘Kangzhen No.3'as rootstocks all increase the tartaric acid,malic acid and citric acid content of‘Xin Ya',while taking‘Freedom'as rootstock decreased.Taking‘Kangzhen No.5'and‘225Ru'as rootstocks could increase the ration of soluble solid to acid of‘Xin Ya'.Taking‘1103P',‘Huajia No.8',‘Shen 530',‘Rupestrisdulot',‘225Ru',‘Macadams',‘Kangzhen No.5',‘3309C',‘5C',‘Dogridge',‘Kangzhen No.1',‘Kangzhen No.3',‘110R',‘Beaumont'and‘Freedom'as rootstocks all significantly increased the fruit moisture content of‘Xin Ya'.Taking‘Shen 530'as rootstock significantly increased the total phenols content of‘Xin Ya',which was highest,reaching 0.78 mg·g-1.Taking‘420A',‘3309C',‘Huajia No.8',‘Freedom',‘Kangzhen No.5',‘Riparia Gloire',‘Beaumont',‘Rupestrisdulot',‘5BB',‘Macadams',‘1103P',‘225Ru'and‘SO4'as rootstocks all significantly increased the anthocyanin content in peel of‘Xin Ya'.6.Selection of suitable combination of‘Tiangong Feicui'and‘Xin Ya'grapevine:?1?The results that fourteen stock-scion combinations of‘Tiangong Feicui'and the self-root tree were analyzed by principal component analysis showed that the rank from high to low were:TF/110R>TF/Kangzhen No.1>TF/101-14>TF/Beta>TF/3309C>TF Self-root tree>TF/Saltcreek>TF/5C>TF/Huajia No.8>TF/5BB>TF/Beaumont>TF/Dogridge>TF/225Ru>TF/RipariaGloire>TF/1103P.Combined with the rate of cracking cluster and gray mold cluster,the stock of‘110R'and‘Beta'could be used as the grafted rootstocks of‘Tiangong Feicui',among which‘110R'was more suitable.?2?The results that twenty stock-scion combinations of‘Xin Ya'and the self-root tree were analyzed by principal component analysis showed that the rank from high to low were:XY/110R>XY/101-14>XY/Rupestrisdulot>XY Self-root tree>XY/Beaumont>XY/Kangzhen No.1>XY/420A>XY/Riparia Gloire>XY/225Ru>XY/5BB>XY/Dogridge>XY/5C>XY/Huajia No.8>XY/SO4>XY/Shen 530>XY/3309C>XY/Freedom>XY/Kangzhen No.3>XY/Kangzhen No.5>XY/1103P>XY/Macadams.Combined with the cluster infection and peel colouring factor,the stock of‘101-14'and‘Rupestrisdulot'could be used as the grafted rootstocks of‘Xin Ya',among which‘Rupestrisdulot'was more suitable. |
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