Effects Of Different Cultivation Measures On Volatile Oil Composition Of Valeriana Officinalis L.var.latifolia Miq

Valeriana officinalis L.var.latifolia Miq is a plant of the genus Valerians Linn.of Valerianaceae.The rhizome is used as a medicinal herb to clear heat and relieve diarrhea,soothe the nerves,relieve pain,and dispel wind and eliminate dampness.Under natural conditions,V.officinalis grow slowly with low propagation coefficient.In order to achieve standardized planting,it is necessary to improve its seedlings and cultivation measures.In this study,the cultivation experiment of V.officinalis was carried out from two aspects: quality control of seedlings and the selection of cultivation measures.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture,we explored artificial cultivation methods that can increase the yield of V.officinalis and the volatile oil content of bioactive components.The main findings are as follows:1.There are two obvious characteristics of ripe seeds.One is that the seed is yellow-brown;the other is that the crest on top of the seed is spread.The seeds were oblong-ovate and small in size.In the germination process of V.officinalis seeds,temperature is more important than light,and the optimal germination condition is 10-15? without light.2.V.officinalis seedlings were divided into three grades according to root weight and root thickness as classified indexes,namely,root weight of grade I was?13g and root thickness was?3mm.Grade II seedling root weight 6-13 g,root thickness 2-3mm;Grade III seedling root weight 1.5-6g,root thickness 2-3mm.The rationality of the classifying is ensured with enough production and quality,this experiment shows thay in different levels of V.officinalis,seedlings had no obvious effect on aboveground growth,but have significant effect on yield and quality.The higher the grade,the higher the seedling emergence rate.Meanwhile the yield is higher,so as the extraction yield and volatile oil content,which illustrating that the V.officinalis of seedling grading test is reasonable.In this study,the emergence rate,yield and content of active ingredients of grade I and II seedlings are much higher than that of grade III seedlings.Therefore,in the production of V.officinalis,grade I and II seedlings are recommended to ensure the yield and quality.3.When the planting density of V.officinalis was A2?0.25×0.3m?,namely 133333 plants/hm2,the yield was the highest,followed by A1?0.2×0.25m?,namely 200000 plants/hm2.In the range of 13333-55555 plants/hm2,the yield gradually decreased with the decrease of density,indicating that the when the density was too high or too low,it's not suitable for the planting of V.officinalis.The cultivation density had no obvious effect on the extraction rate of volatile oil and polysaccharide in V.officinalis.Except for the highest content of A4 extract,the contents of volatile oil,bornyl acetate and total flavonoids were A2?0.25× 0.3m?.Under the A2 density,the yield and main active ingredients of V.officinalis are relatively higher.Therefore,in the production of V.officinalis,it is recommended to choose 0.25m×0.3m row spacing planting to ensure the yield and quality.4.NPK combination has obvious promoting effects on the yield of V.officinalis,and the yield of all fertilization treatments was higher than that of unfertilized treatments.Fertilization 13?N1P2K1?treatment,namely N 172.5kg/hm2,P2O5 330kg/ hm2,K₂O 108.75kg/ hm2,had the highest leaf number,stem number,plant weight,root weight and yield,and the yield reached 11402.22kg/ hm2,which increased 246.36% compared with the unfertilized condition.Fertilization had different effects on the diverse effective components of V.officinalis,and had no significant effect on the contents of polysaccharides and extracts.Fertilization 9?N2P2K1?was beneficial to the accumulation of volatile oil,fertilization 12?N1P1K₂?was beneficial to the accumulation of volatile oil components such as longnyl acetate,and fertilization 14?N2P1K1?was beneficial to the accumulation of total flavonoids.However,from the yield consideration,fertilization 13?N1P2K1?could be selected.The quality of V.officinalis under fertilization 13 was relatively stable,and the main volatile oil composition of bornyl acetate was 50.25%,which was also higher than the reference standard 33.73%.5.The leaf number,stem number,plant weight,root weight and yield of transplanting during B1?December 11?were the highest,the stem,leaf number and yield gradually decreased with the delay of transplanting time.Different transplanting period of V.officinalis influenced disverse active ingredients differently,during the transplanting period B3?January 27?,volatile oil extraction rate is highest,the content of total flavonoids was the highest during B4?March 10?,and the content of extraction was the highest in B1?December 11?.However,different transplanting periods have no obvious effect on the volatile oil components such as bornyl acetate and so on.Considering the yield,it is recommended to choose B1?December 11?for transplanting.6.Soil moisture content had significant effects on the aboveground growth,the yield and the active component contents of V.officinalis,and all showed as T3?soil moisture content 50%-55%?> T2?soil moisture content 25%-30%?> T1?soil moisture content 10%-15%?.When the soil water content was at the level of T1,it seriously affected the growth of V.officinalis,resulting in its yield reduction or even plants death.However,when the soil water content reached the level of T2 and T3,it did not affect its normal growth.Therefore,the suitable soil water content of valerian root is 50%-55%.when planting V.officinalis,more watering is needed,but excessive accumulated water should not be caused.Conclusion: it is suggested that when planting V.officinalis,I and II seedlings should be selected to ensure the emergence rate.Pay attention to the transplant time,before the year is over the best;Plants should be reasonably close planted,average 133333 plants/hm2;Also should pay attention to water and fertilizer management,fertilization level of N 172.5kg/hm2,P2O5 330kg/ hm2,K₂O 108.75kg/ hm2;Water more,ensure soil moisture content,but do not flood.