The Influence Of Different Cultivation Measures Of Pseudostellaria Heterophylla’s Active Ingredients

By the study of the measures of ultivation practices and processing methods that possibility to affect the quality of heterophylla to discuss the effective measures of heterophylla’s quality control.This study uses heterophylla produced in Zherong,Fujian Yingshan plantations and Xiachun industrial zone with standardized planting base as the research object, by means of conducted of use lime to improve the soil, intercropping shade, density control, fertilization management, harvest controls, process studies, and continuous cropping, study the effects of different measures on heterophylla yield and quality. The results showed that:1. The yield of heterophylla is different under the different treatment measures, the rangeability of Group C is biger than other groups, production of Group E decreased with time delayed. Comparison of the mean for each group shows that:Group D> Group A> Group B> Group E> CK> Group C. The highest values of Group A, B, C, D, E were 1.15 times 1.10 times,1.16 times,1.32 times and 1.10 times of CK.2. There were significant differences in moisture content of heterophylla under different treatments. The moisture content of Group A and Group B is closer; the moisture content of Group C and Group D is changing biger than others. Comparison of the mean for each group shows that:Group E> Group D> Group C> CK> Group TR> Group B> Group A. The highest values of Group A, B, C, D, E were 97.90%,98.02%,1.04 times,1.05 times and 1.02 times, 98.52% of CK.3. There were extremely significant differences in ash content of heterophylla under different treatments. The ash content of Group A is higher, the ash content of Group B is the lowest, content fluctuation of Group C in ash content is large than Group D, Group E and Group F’s ash content is closer to CK, Group TR’s ash content is less than CK. Comparison of the mean for each group shows that:Group A> Group C> Group D> CK> Group E> Group F> Group B> Group TR. The highest values of Group A, B, C, D, E,F,TR were 1.21, 83.79%,1.22 times,1.24 times and 1.03 times,1.01 times and 81.77% of CK.4. There were extremely significant differences in polysaccharide content of heterophylla under different treatments. Comparison of the mean for each group shows that:Group TR>Group E> Group F> AGroup A> Group B> Group D> CK> GroupC. The highest values of Group A, B, C, D, E,F,TR were 1.07 times,1.05 times,1.16 times and 1.23 times,1.25 times,1.35 times and 1.20 times of CK.5. There were extremely significant differences in saponin content of heterophylla under different treatments. Group B was significantly higher than other treatment groups, the lowest content is in the group C. Compare the mean of each group shows that:Group B> Group E> Group A> Group D> Group F> CK> Group C> Group TR. The highest values of Group A, B, C, D, E,F,TR were 1.20 times,2.46 times,1.29 times,1.55 times and 1.76 times,1.63 times and 83.00% of CK.6. The analysis of Trace elements under different treatments shows that lime, intercropping, density and fertilization influence the content of trace elements; in harvest processing, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ca, Co, K was not significant difference, and the remaining six kinds trace elements between different levels were significant differences; in the processing, Cr, Ca, Co, Cu was no significant difference with the rest of the eight kinds of trace elements in different levels were significantly different; in continuous cropping process, Cr, Li, Co, Cu, Fe were not significantly differences different with the other seven kinds of trace elements in different levels were significantly difference.Cr element under any treatments was not significant difference, that is, different measures almost didn’t affect the Cr element.In the related analysis of trace elements with active ingredients, Cu and yield has a significant positive correlation; Cd and moisture has a significant positive correlation, Co and moisture has a significantly positively correlated; there were no directly correlated between any element with ash content; Li, Co and polysaccharides has a significant positive correlation, there were no directly correlated between any element with saponins. there were no directly correlated between other elements with the active ingredient.7. This lime test inproce the original soil pH test from 4.480 to 6.244, although it did not achieve optimal growth pH of heterophylla, but it states lime does have a certain role in improving soil pH. The comparation of CK with ash content, polysaccharide content and saponin content were significant differences, indicating that changes in soil pH to improve the quality of heterophylla have a role.8. There was a significant difference of ash, polysaccharides, saponins in group B, yield and moisture has no significant difference. In the group B,production polysaccharides, saponins were higher than CK, were 1.11 times,1.05 times and 2.46 times of CK, moisture and ash content were less than CK, were 97.90%,83.8%of CK, indicating that interplanting of heterophylla accumulate a certain role in promoting the content of active ingredients.9. To some extent,heterophylla’s yield increase as the density increases, but the too large density was lead to decresing of the production, the highest yield combination was 8cm x 10cm; the changes of moisture content and density contrast were opposite, the highest combination of moisture content was 16cm × 15cm; in the ash content, the small density has higher ash content, the high density has low ash content, but this changes were not absolute correlation; the changes of the polysaccharide and density were contrary, the highest polysaccharide was in 16cm × 15cm; the highest saponin contents were in 8cm × 15cm or 12cm × 15cm,and in the maximum densest C1 and least dense C6, C8 had the lowest saponin content, indicating the appropriate planting density in favor of saponin content accumulation. In summary, for the production and effective ingredients heterophylla maximum,recommended the planting density of heterophylla is 8cm × 15cm or 12cm × 10cm.10. In the Group D, correlation analysis showed that the ash, polysaccharides, saponins and N, P, K fertilizer were related, were not related with moisture content. There was the highest production with N, P, K at level 2; N and P at the level 1 had highest moisture content, P at the level 3 had highest moisture content; N at the level 2 had highest ash content, P and K at the level 3 had highest ash content;, N and P at the level 3 had highest polysaccharides, K at the level 2 had highest polysaccharide; N, P, K in the level 2 had highest saponin content. Recommend fertilization amount like that:urea 668～1002 kg/hm2, FCMP 1167 ～ 2333 kg/ hm2, potassium sulfate 360 kg/hm2.11. The moisture and ash under different harvest was not significant differences, the polysaccharide was significant difference, saponins was extremely significant difference. With delayed of harvest,the yield declined, E1 to E3 of 1.08 times; the minimum moisture content of the mid-harvest, early and late moisture content greater, El to E2 is 1.02; highest ash content was in mid harvest, E2 to E3 is 1.27; the polysaccharide declined with the delayed of harvest, El to E3 is 1.09, to pairwise comparison, found pre-harvest and mid-harvest, pre-harvest and post-harvest had significant differences, mid-harvest and post-harves was not significant difference; saponin content reaches a maximum in the mid-harvest, E2 to El was 1.54,compared to their pairwise found pre-harvest and lpost-harves were not significant differences.12. In Group F, ash, polysaccharides, saponins had significantly differences. Drying heterophylla(F4) and bask heterophylla(F2) had higher ash content, F4 to F2 is 1.18; highest polysaccharide content is heterophylla dried in the shade(F1), followed by steamed heterophylla(F3), the lowest was F4, F1 to F4 is 1.35; F1 had the highest saponin content, F3 had the lowest saponin content, F1 to F3 is 1.94. In summary, if you consider the level of active ingredient recommended dried in the shade processing methods, if you consider the actual cost of production and the production processing recommended to bask heterophylla.13. The continuous cropping of heterophylla will make an impact on the content of heterophylla. In the comparison of the polysaccharide content,it was significantly difference, Group TR was 1.20 times of CK; In the comparison of moisture, ash, saponin content, the Group TR were low than CK, were 98.5%,80.6%,83.2% of CK, indicating that the continuous cropping have some influence to the quality of heterophylla.