Vegetative Organ Anatomy And In Vitro Culture Of Valeriana Officinalis L. Var. Latifolia Miq.

Starting with ecological habit investigation of Valeriana officinalis L. var. latifolia Miq., studies on vegetative organ anatomy and in vitro culture were conducted for further research on this important herbal medicine. Several main researching results are as follows:1,The results of field work of Valeriana officinalis L. var. latifolia Miq. in Daqing Mountain of Yongshun county, northwestern Hunan show that the species are distributed mostly in the hill, forest edge and boscage with calcareous soil within the elevation of 800-1100 m. Analysis on characteristics of the vegetative organ anatomy implies that it is sciophytes.2,The main stem of Valeriana officinalis L. var. latifolia Miq. has basal aggregation leaves and upper pinnatipartite leaves with 2～9 pairs leaflets grow oppositely. The leaf blade consists of epidermis, mesophyll and vein, which has the anatomal characteristics of hygric shade leaf. Each epidermis has anomocytic stomatal apparatus, epidermal hair and glandular scale. Palisade tissue cell is large and intercellular space is obvious. Spongy tissue accounts for 1/2 of leaf thickness, cells distributing loosely and the area of intercellular space being large. Yellowish-brown hesperidin crystals are found in vessel and Parenchyma cells outside the vascular bundle. There are collateral bundles in the Petiole.3,Rhizome cross section of Valeriana officinalis L. var. latifolia Miq. shows that:Stoma is absent in the epidermis, schizogenous aerenchyma exist in cortex. Inside the endodermis, six collateral bundles lie in the vascular cylinder, pith tissue is developed and abundant amyloid and oleoplast accumulated in its parenchyma cells. Node and internode are obvious in the longitudinal section of stem,cells in the node is long and narrow, which will develop into sclerieds having a zonal distribution. Cells in the internode is polyhedral, and amyloid and oleoplast accumulated in the parenchyma cells. Hesperidin crystals formed in vessel and parenchyma cells in the pith. Aerial stem(floral axis)is cylinder and polygon, and there are stoma in the epidermis. Fibrous stratum exhibit between cortex and vascular cylinder, The pith or pith cavity is advanced.4,The primary root cross section of Valeriana officinalis L. var. latifolia Miq. show that:the outer tangential wall of the epidermal cells is suberized. Exodermis are formed by 2 layer cells, whose wall is also suberized and oil were found here. Casparian strip is clear in the endodermis and pericycle are formed by 2 layer cell. The primary root is hexarch and the secondary growth were observed.5,Microscopic Identification of powdered roots, rhizome and basal stem of Valeriana officinalis L. var. latifolia Miq. Show that:There are many starch granules, leucoplast and several oleoplast in the power (200 Mesh). The starch granules consist of oval simple starch granule, semi-compound starch granule and triangle compound starch granule. Sclereid has clear layer veins, connecting with adjacent sclereid directly. Hesperidin crystals were found in vessel and Parenchyma cells.6,In vitro culture of Valeriana officinalis L. var. latifolia Miq.shows that:1. It is optimal for the explants(tender leaves and petiols) to be disinfected with 70% ethanol for 30 s and then soaking with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 6 min.2.The optimum medium for callus induction was MS+2,4-D 2mg/L +6-BA 0.5 mg/L, and callus induction rate of leaves could arrived at 80%.3. Buds regenerated difficultly from callus, the highest differential rate was 25% on the medium of MS+6-BA 4 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L.4. Roots can be regenerated on MS medium supplied with 0.5mg/L NAA, and the plantlets suvived after transplant.