Research And Popularization Of Key Techniques Of Soilless Culture Of Leafy Vegetables In Beijing Suburbs

Soilless culture is a new type of modern agriculture that has been popular in recent years.In order to study the current situation of soilless cultivation in the surrounding suburbs of Beijing and the problems that need to be solved in production,this paper has passed 63 cases in the three suburbs of Changping,Daxing and Yanqing in Beijing.Researches of different natures and self-employed individuals were conducted through questionnaires,interviews,and experimental research.The main results are as follows:The non-soil cultivation in the Beijing suburbs of Beijing is dominated by private enterprises,accounting for 62%of the total,and mainly based on leafy vegetables.The value of private enterprises in hydroponic cultivation is concentrated on600m~2-3000m~2,individual enterprises.The scale is mainly below 600m~2,and the hydroponic method is mainly based on floating cultivation techniques.The main cultivated hydroponic vegetables include amaranth,rapeseed,baby vegetables and lettuce,among which lettuce is the most cultivated.In the annual yield of hydroponic leafy vegetables,the annual yield of lettuce is below 1000kg,the annual yield of leek is 1000-3000kg,the yield of rapeseed is 3000-5000kg,and the annual output of doll is more than 5000kg.In the hydroponic sales market,there are mainly supermarkets,government agencies,internal sales,the Internet and wholesale markets.The average annual price of hydroponic leafy vegetables is 3-5 yuan.In the prevention and control of pests and diseases,mainly physical control and biological control,49%of enterprises in the treatment of waste liquids of nutrient solution are recycled.In the survey,the following problems were found.The main problems were that the management personnel of the planting were older and the education level was generally low.Lack of technical training and improvement of hydroponic management mode in the cultivation management mode.In the sales market,the sales channel is single,and the market awareness is low,lacking publicity.Make the following suggestions for the above issues.Improvement of hydroponic production management mode:Improve the hydroponic cultivation management mode,adjust the proportion of ammonium nitrate in the groundwater formula independently researched and developed by Beijing Vegetable Research Center,and adopt growth index,quality index and physiological index.And the determination of the yield finally selected a nutrient solution formula with a ratio of ammonium nitrate of 5.1:4 suitable for the growth of hydroponic rape.Then,the nutrient solution concentration test was carried out through the selected5.1:4 formula,and the nutrient solution EC value of 3.0mS·cm~-11 was selected by measuring the growth index,quality index,physiological index and photosynthesis of rapeseed,which is most suitable for hydroponic rape.Growing.Suggestions on soilless cultivation industry in Beijing suburb:1.Improve the management mode of hydroponic rape to produce efficiently.2.Promote soilless cultivation technology with local characteristics according to local conditions.3.Simplification of soilless culture technology and cultivation of soilless culture technology extension personne.4.Scientifically and effectively do a good job in pest control and promote green sustainable development of agriculture.5.Strictly control the production technical specifications to ensure the quality and yield of vegetables.6.Carry out the integration of the first,second and third industries and expand the development of the soilless culture industry.