| Shaanxi Province is an eugenic region suitable for apple growth in China,and its apple industry has been greatly developed,but Weibei dryland,which is the main apple production area in Shaanxi Province,has little annual rainfall and uneven rainfall distribution,80% of which is Rain-fed farmland,coupled with many factors such as unreasonable fertilization methods,has resulted in low organic matter content and increasing land degradation in this area,which has seriously affected the further increase in apple yield and quality.How to increase the proportion of precipitation infiltration and increase the efficiency of utilization of precipitation water resources is of great significance for regulating soil reservoirs and maintaining the healthy growthIn this study,the Weibei dryland apple orchard was used as the research object,Through long-term positioning experiments,the research on the characteristics of soil macropores,soil moisture parameters,fruit yield and quality of Weibei dryland fertilization measures and orchard grass cover were carried out,which is intended to provide a sustainable land management model of apple orchards in dry land.The conclusions in this study are as follows:(1)the soil porosity in the 0-20 cm soil layer of MNPK had an increasing trend compared to NPK,,while the soil porosity in the 20-40 cm soil layer was increased by 91.7%(P < 0.05)under MNPK compared with the NPK;Below 20 cm soil layer,the number of macropores in NPK showed a significant decreased trend,and the number of macropores in MNPK treatment was higher than the other treatments in different soil layers.Compared with no fertilizer and chemical fertilizer,chemical fertilizer combined with manure in 0-10 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer was beneficial to improve the pore morphology of soil.(2)Compared with chemical fertilizers,chemical fertilizer combined with manure reduced soil bulk density,increased soil porosity through improving soil pore characteristics of apple orchards in the Weibei dryland,and thus improved soil water conductivity and water capacity,especially in the 20-40 cm soil layer.(3)The grass cover improved the number of soil macropores and soil macroporosity in the 0-20 cm soil layer,improved the soil pore morphology in the 0-40 cm soil layer,maked the soil pores more regular,and was beneficial to soil water transportation and storage;Grass cover improved the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and field water capacity of the 0-20 cm soil layer,reduced the soil bulk density,and increased the soil organic matter.(4)The grass cover and the chemical fertilizer combined with manure in Weibei dryland apple orchard could significantly increase the fruit yield of Weibei apple orchard.The the fruit yield was increased by 65.1%(P <0.05)under MNPK compared to CK.The chemical fertilizer combined with manure significantly increased the single fruit weight of apple,as well as the fruit hardness,soluble solids and solid acid ratio,etc,and the grass cover significantly improved the fruit hardness.There was also positive impact on increasing the single fruit weight of apple and soluble solids content under grass cover.In summary,in the management of Weibei dryland orchard,chemical fertilizer combined with manure and grass cover are beneficial to the formation of macropores in the soil and to improve the water capacity and water conductivity of soil,which is conducive to the improvement of fruit quality and yield,It is a good management model conducive to the sustainable development of orchards. |
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