| Objective:C.migao fruit is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine used by ethnic minorities in Southwest China of Guizhou Province.It has a significant effect in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.At present,four varieties of traditional Chinese medicine with C.migao fruit as the main raw material have been sold on the market,which has attracted wide attention of relevant scholars.At present,the research on C.migao mainly focuses on the separation and identification of its chemical components,pharmacology,and the bio ecological characteristics of its seedlings,but the research on the quality formation of its medicinal materials is very weak,and there are only a few reports about literature of the quality formation of its medicinal materials.In order to further discover the reasons for the formation of the quality of C.migao fruit,this study,based on the geographical variation of its chemical composition and the cause of geoherbalism,reveals the impact of soil,microorganism,climate and other related environmental factors on the formation of the quality of C.migao fruit.Methods:Through specimens,literature,field investigations and other methods,field sampling is carried out on the basis of the determined distribution of C.migao.Samples of Migao which from different origins and different periods are collected in the main distribution areas of Migao.By measuring its rhizosphere soil chemical properties and microorganisms,and at the same time establishing a system for evaluating fruit quality,combined with soil,microbes,and climatic factors,the geographical variation and authentic causes of the chemical composition of Migao fruit was derived.Results:?1?In major distribution area of C.migao fruit that rhizosphere soil is mainly acid yellow soil,the activity range of soil urease is 14.5-48.2.85,the activity range of soil catalase is 0.36-0.97,and the activity range of soil acid phosphatase is 13.088-26.1.In the soil fertility indexes,the total nitrogen content is 0.084-0.331 g.100g-1,the alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen is 31.44-151.06 mg·kg-1,the total phosphorus content is 0.15-1.17 g·kg-1,the available phosphorus content is 2.05-9.22mg·kg-1,the total potassium content is 0.106-1.16 g·kg-1,the available potassium content is110.15-355.88 mg·kg-1,the same rhizosphere soil in different fruit stages showed the trend of acidity,urease as time goes by,which overall showed the trend of first rising and then falling,catalase showed the trend of first falling and then rising,acid phosphatase also showed the trend of first falling and then rising,total nitrogen overall showed the trend of first falling and then rising,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen showed the trend of first falling and then rising,total phosphorus overall showed the trend of gradually decreasing,and available phosphorus showed the trend of gradually increasing trend.?2?According to the composition of rhizosphere microorganisms in different stages of fruits,the Shannon diversity index of fungi showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,LD showed a trend of gradually increasing,XL showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The Simpson diversity index showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in BP,gradually decreasing in LD,and first decreasing and then increasing in XL and reaching the highest in mid October;the Shannon diversity index showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing in BP and the highest in mid October,the LD showed a trend of gradually increasing and reaching the highest in mid October,the XL showed a trend of gradually decreasing.Simpson diversity index showed a trend of gradual decrease in BP,while LD and XL showed a trend of first increase and then decrease,and the highest in mid August.The relative abundance of 9 fungus samples was highest in Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,mortierellomycota and an unidentified fungus group.The abundance of Proteobacteria,acidobacteria,Chloroflexi and actinobacteria were relatively high in 9 bacteria sample.?3?The composition of sugar of crude fat and crude fat in C.migao from different producing areas:the total sugar content is between14.45%and 25.02%,the reducing sugar content is between 2.68%and 14.15%,the crude polysaccharide content is between 2.75%and 6.11%,the soluble polysaccharide is between 0.88%and 3.84%,and the crude fat content is between 15.4%and 39.33%;the composition of sugar and crude fat in different fruit stages:the general trend of the total sugar content rising first and then falling,the reducing sugar content Sugar showed a more complex trend?dam bumping showed a trend of first rising and then falling,Luodian showed a trend of gradually increasing,Xiangle showed a trend of first falling and then rising?,soluble polysaccharide content showed a trend of first falling and then rising at all sampling points,crude polysaccharide also showed a trend of first falling and then rising,while crude fat showed a trend of gradually increasing.?4?Through HPLC fingerprint analysis,it was found that the similarity between the fingerprint of different places and the control fingerprint was between 0.731 and 0.937,and 26 peaks were identified,among which?-terpineol and sabinene could be used as reference peaks.According to the clustering results,when the distance is 70,there are four kinds of C.migao fruits,among which DFA,DM-2 and LH samples are all clustered into one,and the remaining 19 samples are clustered into one.After PLS-DA analysis,it was found that peak 16,peak 21,peak 5 and peak 3 could be used as discriminant markers;from the analysis of HPLC fingerprints in different stages of fruit,it was found that the samples from three regions in different periods did not gather well.Peak 14,peak 13,peak 5,peak 23,peak 20 and peak 11 can be used as the classification markers of fruit samples in different periods.?5?Through the correlation analysis of soil,climate,microorganism and related index components,it is found that the average pressure has a significant impact on the total sugar,and the quick acting potassium?AK?,the hottest seven weather temperature,the highest temperature,the lowest temperature,the average highest temperature,the average water pressure,the average air pressure and the average wind speed of 2 minutes have a significant impact on the reducing sugar,The available potassium?AK?,the average wind speed of 2 minutes have a significant impact on the soluble polysaccharide,the total nitrogen?TN?,the maximum temperature have a significant impact on the crude polysaccharide,the maximum temperature,the average relative humidity on crude fat were significant.The available potassium?AK?and the average maximum temperature have a significant impact on the 12 peak?sabinene?,the S-CAT,the available potassium?AK?and the average minimum temperature have a significant impact on the 2 peak??-terpineol?,the sunshine hours and the average minimum temperature have a significant impact on the 16 peak,the total potassium?TK?,the minimum temperature and the average annual precipitation have a significant impact on the 21 peak,Total phosphorus?TP?was the main factor affecting on the 5 peak,and S-UE was the most significant factor affecting the peak 3.The top 5 genera of relative abundance of bacteria and fungi are basically related to related index of correlation.Conclusion:after spatial interpolation of relevant index of correlation and environmental factors,the result of quality regionalization of C.migao in Yunnan,Guizhou and Guangxi showed that the most suitable areas for quality formation are mainly in most of Guizhou and the northeast of Guangxi,while in southwest of Yunnan,especially in Lincang,Honghe,Pu'er and some areas in south of Guangxi,such as South Ninglin and Yulin are not suitable for the accumulation of quality of C.migao. |
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