Factors Affecting The Application Of Micro-irrigation Integrated With Water And Medicine And Optimization Of The Applicator

The integrated technology of water,fertilizer and medicine is an important comprehensive management technology in modern agricultural production.It has significant effects in water saving,labor saving,weight loss,drug reduction,etc.It has an important role in improving agricultural quality and efficiency.At present,the research on the integration of water and fertilizer is relatively complete,but the research on the integration of water and medicine has just started.Because pesticides are generally more toxic and the application time is generally shorter,and the detection of pesticides in water or soil is difficult and expensive,most of the research It is focused on the insecticidal effect or weeding effect,and there is a lack of research on the operating parameters and uniformity of the application of water and medicine integrated micro-irrigation technology.This article studies the herbicidal effect,uniformity of application of pesticides,pesticide residues,etc.after drip irrigation and micro-spraying with water and medicine,and combines the requirements of pesticide application equipment with the application of uniformity,Design and improve the pesticide application device.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The comparative test of applying the herbicide acetochlor and potassium permanganate pigment with drip irrigation tape with water shows that when the herbicide is dissolved in water or evenly mixed with water without layering,the solute content at the sampling point of the two is the same.The use of potassium permanganate instead of acetochlor for the test can reduce the test detection time,reduce costs,and avoid pesticide toxicity damage;through the application of potassium permanganate test with drip irrigation tapes of different lengths with water,the results are 40 m,30m,20 m,15m,The best application time of 10 m drip irrigation belt is 9min,6.5min,5min,4min,2.5min.(2)In the field corn drip irrigation test under the integrated film of water and medicine,the crop production index first increased and then decreased with time 30 days after water application;the increase in the leaf area index measured by the crop during 30 days was significantly higher(CA)During the period of pesticide application(PA)and non-application(NA);under the same total application rate,the residual amount of acetochlor in soil layers of different depths after 30 days of application showed a trend of increasing first with depth and then decreasing.There are also differences between different treatments.The residual amount of soil in periodic application(PA)is more than that incontinuous application(CA).90% of the original amount of acetochlor degraded in the soil can be considered to be completely degraded,while the three applications After 30 days of the method,the pesticide residues are all less than 1%,that is,the degradation of acetochlor in the soil is complete,and it will not affect the environment.It shows that drip irrigation is feasible.Comprehensive analysis of the production index,leaf area index increase,soil pesticide residues,corn yield,etc.of the drip irrigation belt after water application.It is recommended that the application of water and medicine integrated drip irrigation belt can adopt the application time and continuous application method in(1)above Better.(3)Through the field test of the application of different concentrations of herbicides with water in the integrated micro-spray zone of water and medicine,the total length of the micro-spray zone was 40 m,and the herbicide concentrations in the areas A,B,and C were1.5,2.0,and 3.0g / L,respectively.In the direction of the belt,the control effect of the weed plant increased first and then became smaller,which was consistent with the water distribution of the micro-spray zone;when the total amount of the same medicine was the same,it was 3m away from the head and the tail(37m position)of the micro-spray zone.The control effect of the three concentrations of treatment plants reached a significant difference(P <0.05),and the difference in the middle(at 20m)was not significant.The uniformity of the control effect of the weeds in the direction of the micro-spray zone gradually decreased,and the uniformity of the vertical micro-spray zone first increased and then decreased.The uniformity of the weed control effect in Zone C was significantly lower than that in Zones A and B.The uniformity of Cu in Zones A and B were all around 0.98.The maximum value of Cu in Zone C was 0.98 and the minimum was only 0.78.The difference was significant.The overall application uniformity of the micro-spray zone indicates that the micro-spray zone application is feasible.Considering the application uniformity of the micro-spray zone and the weed control effect,the effect of applying the herbicide at a concentration of 2g / L is better.(4)In order to meet the requirements of the field test for the precision of the spraying device,an intelligent spraying device mainly designed with a spraying barrel,a mixer and a metering pump was designed.According to the metering pump flow,the suitable field size for pesticide application was determined.When the area is less than 20 mu,the electromagnetic diaphragm pump and mechanical diaphragm pump with stepless adjustment and higher precision are suitable;when the area is greater than 20 mu,the self-priming pump and booster pump are suitable.The water and medicine integrated application device suitable for two planting scales of one household and large farm wasassembled.