Research On Combined Application Of Organic Fertilizer And Efficient Utilization Of Water And Fertilizer For Grapes Under Drip Irrigation In Tuha Area

Objective: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(hereinafter referred to as "Xinjiang")is an extremely arid area with long sunshine hours,large temperature difference between day and night,and unique light and heat conditions.It is a famous production base of characteristic melons and fruits in my country.Due to the imperfect irrigation system and the widespread application of inorganic fertilizers(CF),there is a lack of scientific fertilization technology to guide production,resulting in a series of environmental problems such as accumulation of harmful soil gases,decline in fertilizer utilization,soil compaction and groundwater pollution.severe.In this study,through field experiments,the effects of irrigation amount,organic fertilizer(OF)and inorganic fertilizer application on soil nutrients,grape water use efficiency,physiological growth and yield and quality were studied,and the most suitable irrigation amount and organic fertilizer in Tuha area were investigated.It can provide scientific basis for the efficient fertilization management of drip irrigation,water and fertilizer integration.Methods: The field experiment was carried out,the grape variety was "seedless white" grape,and two factors were set: the amount of irrigation water,the combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.Among them,the 4 irrigation rates were W1: 630 mm,W2: 675 mm,W3: 720 mm,and W4: 765 mm,respectively,and the 5 fertilization treatments were CK: 100% CF,F1: 30% OF+70% CF,F2:50%OF+50%CF,F3: 70%OF+30%CF and F4: 100%OF+0%CF,a total of 14 treatments.Conclusion:(1)With the change of growth period,the contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium all migrated downward obviously,and basically reached stability in the berry growing period,mainly concentrated in the soil layer of 20-60 cm,which is also the root system of grapes.The main distribution location;with the increase of irrigation amount,the content of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium gradually decreased;compared with the single application of inorganic fertilizer,the addition of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the content of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the soil;organic fertilizer Under the combined application of fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer,the available nitrogen content is F2>F3>F1>F4,the available phosphorus content is F2>F3>F4>F1,and the available potassium content can be arranged as F3>F4>F2>F1.(2)Under the same fertilization level,with the increase of irrigation amount,the soil moisturecontent and grape water consumption showed a trend of increasing gradually,and the water use efficiency showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Under the same irrigation level,compared with the single application of inorganic fertilizer,the combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can reduce the soil moisture content,increase the water consumption of grapes,and improve the water use efficiency.Gradually decreased and grape water consumption increased gradually.(3)Under the same irrigation level,the shoot length and leaf midrib length of the F1,F2,F3 and F4 treatments were higher than those of the CK treatment;with the increase of the irrigation level,the transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate were all higher than those of the CK treatment.Gradually increased,the grape yield,soluble solids and reducing sugar showed a trend of first increase and then decrease,and the content of titratable acid and vitamin C gradually increased.The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly improved the transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate and yield quality of grapes.Conclusion: When the irrigation amount reached 765 mm and 50% organic fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizer(organic fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were 6500 kg,150 kg,300 kg/hg and 150 kg/ha,respectively),the grape quality was the best;the irrigation amount was720 mm and 50% organic fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizer(organic fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were 6500 kg,150 kg,300 kg/hg and 150 kg/ha,respectively),which was the best strategy for the management of "seeded white" grape irrigation amount and combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers.