| The small-scale farmland water conservancy project is the basic guarantee for ensuring agricultural production and improving farmers’ lives,and is the core of achieving the stable and healthy development of China’s agriculture.In recent years,national policies have continued to focus on the construction of rural infrastructure,and the supply of small farmers’ water has been greatly improved.However,after the completion of small-scale farmland water conservancy facilities in some places,their management and maintenance have not achieved effective connection and aging.Problems of water conservancy facilities such as disrepair,silting,leakage,degradation of irrigation and drainage functions,and operation with diseases are very prominent,which have severely restricted the rapid,sustainable and healthy development of agricultural production in China.Encouraging farmers to participate in the cooperative management and protection of farmland irrigation systems,and enabling farmers to take collective action in the village in order to achieve common interests is the key to breaking through the predicament of severely lagging management and protection of farmland water conservancy facilities.However,due to the obvious "public welfare" characteristics of small farmers’ water,as well as the unclear definition of property rights of water conservancy facilities and the unclear management and protection subjects,the farmers have opportunistic behavior of hitchhiking.And due to the current large number of rural labor outflows,the continuous decline in the comparative benefits of agriculture,and the increase in the proportion of farmers’ concurrent employment,the farmers’ willingness to improve the current status of small farmers’ water is not strong,the actual degree of participation in management and protection is low,and the efficiency of management and protection is low.The perfect system rules and good relationship network provide a reasonable path for optimizing the performance of farmers ’participation in small farmers’ water management and protection.Institutional rules can provide a code of conduct and basis for farmers to participate in small farmers’ water management and protection,encourage farmers to act in accordance with existing rules,and maximize the realization of public interests,thereby promoting the success of small farmers’ water cooperation management and protection and improving the performance of small farmers’ water management and protection.The relationship network can avoid information asymmetry among farmers,reduce transaction costs and moral hazards in the process of water management and protection for small farmers,unify the individual interests of farmers and collective interests,thereby promoting the success of collective management and water management for small farmers.Performance.Therefore,the introduction of institutional rules and relationship networks to explore the impact mechanism of farmers ’participation in small-scale farmers’ water management and protection performance has a new path to motivate farmers to participate in small-scale farmers ’water management and protection,break through the small-scale farmers’ water management and protection performance,and propose a new path to promote farmers ’participation in small-scale farmers’ water management and protection performance Important theoretical and practical significance.Based on a systematic review and absorption of relevant research results at home and abroad,this paper first introduces multi-dimensional theoretical systems such as public product supply theory,relationship network theory,and collective action theory,which are involved in the process of small farmers’ water management and protection.Then using 1155 micro-farm survey data from 6 provinces in the Yellow River Irrigation District,the current situation of farmers ’participation in small farmers’ water supply and management is analyzed.Then,the index system related to institutional rules,relational network and its subdivision dimension is summarized and analyzed.Meanwhile,the factor analysis method is used to evaluate and measure the indexes of institutional rules,relational network and its subdivision dimension.From the dual perspective of institutional rules and relationship networks,using the ordered Probit model,the factors and internal mechanisms that affect farmers’ participation in the performance of small farmland water conservancy facilities are thoroughly explored,and policy recommendations are provided to optimize the performance of small farmers ’water management and protection With a view to innovating the management and protection system and operation mechanism of small farmland water conservancy projects,improving the basic water conservancy service system,and providing theoretical basis and practical guidance.The main findings are as follows:(1)At this stage,farmers have a relatively negative attitude towards the development prospects of agriculture.Farmers’ participation in small farmers’ water supply is relatively low.Farmers’ willingness and demand in participating in small farmers’ water management and protection cannot be fully expressed.Farmers participate in small farmers’ water supply.Smallholder water pipe protection system is not perfect.Villagers’ committees are weak in organizing and mobilizing farmers ’participation in small farmers’ water management and protection.(2)Institutional rules and relationship networks have a significant positive impact on farmers ’participation in the performance of small farmers’ water management and protection;(3)Divide institutional rule variables into four subdivision dimensions: distribution rules,supervision and sanction rules,input rules,and boundary rules It was found that both the boundary rules and the input rules have a positive effect on the improvement of farmers ’participation in the performance of small farmers’ water management and protection,and the distribution rules and supervision and sanction rules have a positive impact on the performance of farmers ’participation in small farmers’ water management and protection,but they are not statistically significant;(4)The relationship network variables are divided into two subdivisions: strong connection network and weak connection network.For the farmers’ participation in smallholder water pipe protection performance,both the strongly connected network and the weakly connected network have significant positive effects on them;(5)Institutions The interaction terms of rules and weakly connected networks have a significant positive impact on the performance of farmers’ participation in small-scale farmers’ water management and protection.The higher the level of weak-connected networks of farmers,the more significant the positive impact of institutional rules on the performance of farmers’ participation in small-scale water management and protection;(6)The number of arable land in the family,whether there have been major losses in the peasant households in the past three years,food subsidies,and family labor shortage have significantly negatively affected farmers’ performance in participating in smallholder water pipe protection,While farm household income,level of awareness of the needs of small-scale water have significantly positively affected farmers’ performance in participating in smallholder water pipe protection.(7)In addition,the institutional rules may exert their influence on the performance of farmers’ participation in small-scale farmers’ water management by affecting the degree of tacit cooperation with other members in the process of farmers’ participation in small-scale farmers’ water management and protection,and the relationship network may affect farmers’ trust in the government by affecting Degree to exert its influence on the performance of farmers’ participation in water management for small farmers. |
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