| In this study,broccoli was used as the experimental object,and the effects of different cultivation factors on the quality and yield of broccoli were systematically studied by means of variety comparison test,cultivation density test and nitrogen fertilizer application test.A set of high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation technology system suitable for broccoli in Rudong county of Jiangsu province was established.The main results are as follows:1.Through the comparative experiment of different varieties of broccoli,the main characteristics of three varieties of broccoli were basically grasped.The budding and harvesting stages of "Yanxiu" were the earliest,which indicated that "Yanxiu" was an early-maturing variety;the phenological index of "Youxiu" was in the middle,and it could be seen that "Youxiu" was a middle-late-maturing variety after 65 days from planting to harvesting;and the "Lvdi" was a late-maturing variety."Yanxiu" had the highest height of 71 cm,the highest degree of plant development,the highest total sugar content,101.29 mg*g-1,the highest yield,strong heat tolerance;"Youxiu" biological characteristics,flower bulb commerciality followed,but the overall yield was the smallest;"Lvdi" biological characteristics,flower bulb commodity,flower bulb nutritional quality in the end.Therefore,in summer and autumn cultivation in this region,’Yanxiu’ can appropriately sow early and market early;The quality of "Youxiu" between three varieties,although the yield is low,planted in this region for many years,adaptability is strong,good quality,planting in summer and autumn can appropriately delay sowing,avoid centralized listing;The quality of "Lvdi" is relatively poor,it is recommended not to promote large-scale in this region.2.The effects of different planting densities on the growth characters,flower bulb commodity and yield and output value of broccoli were studied.Four density treatments were set up,which were 2000,2500,3000 and 3500 per 667 m2.It was found that with the increase of planting density,the plant height,the degree of development and the number of leaves decreased,the incidence of plant disease increased,the diameter of flower bulb and the weight of flower bulb decreased,the number of flower buds and grains increased,and the commodity eligibility rate showed a trend of first rising and then falling.The yield and output value of broccoli still increased in the range of 2000-3000 per 667 m2.The suitable density for planting broccoli in Rudong County was 3000-3500 per 667 m2.3.In the experiment of the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer dosage on the quality and yield of broccoli,four treatments were set up.The dosage of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 m2 was 20 kg,30 kg,40 kg and 50 kg respectively.The results showed that the plant height,flower bulb diameter,flower bulb weight and plot yield of broccoli increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and the highest nitrogen application rate was 40 kg per 667 m2.The qualified rate of 30 kg per 667 m2 was the highest.Considering the general soil fertility,applying urea 40 kg per 667 m2 can not only ensure the commodity rate and yield of broccoli,but also ensure economic benefits.4.Combined with the above three experiments,a set of technical system suitable for summer and autumn broccoli cultivation in Rudong county was summed up.Mainly including varieties preference selection ’Yanxiu’ and ’Youxou’,the former sowed early,early market,the latter delayed sowing,to avoid centralized listing.The seedlings with 4-5 leaves and 15-18 cm plant height were cultivated by the fine seedbed management through the matching Seedling-raising Technique of hole tray.The planting density in the field is suitable for3000/667 m2 and nitrogen 40 kg/667 m2.In order to achieve high-quality and efficient cultivation of broccoli in summer and autumn,it is necessary to carry out weeding and water management in mid-tillage at the right time,and use "two nets and one film"covering technology to control diseases and insect pests scientifically. |
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