Research Of The Factors Influencing Commodity Quality Of Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma

Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma also named Sanqi belongs to the Ginseng genus of Araliaceae,the root of which is one of genuine Chinese medicines in Yunnan.As the medical materials from different cultivation areas,there are many factors influenc on the commodity quality of Sanqi.Therefore,it is important to clear the commercial specification and grades,origin,shapes and colours,growing and harvesting age,as well as drying and processing methods on the quality of commercial medical materials.And then,it would be a great significance for specifying the commodity medical matrials standards,constraining market communication orders,and also reasonably guiding the planting of Sanqi.Thus,this study collected medcial material samples from markets and cultivated areas,then compared differences of the appearance and components content between different specifications and grades of commodity Sanqi,also investigated the effcts of origins,shapes and colours,growing and harvesting age,drying and processing methods on the quality of commercial medical materials,at lastly revised the draft of commercial specification and grade of Sanqi.The results showed as followings:1.The results showed that the density and the internal components content had significant difference between the different commodity specification samples.Chun Sanqi had the desity>1.30 g·cm-3,the total ash content<3.0%,acid insoluble ash content<0.40%,whereas Dong Sanqi had the density<1.30 g·cm-3,the total ash content>3.0%,acid insoluble ash>0.40%.Moreover,rootlet had the density<1.20 g·cm-3,the total ash content>5.50%,acid insoluble ash content>0.60%.Rhizome had the density>1.30 g·cm-3,the total ash content>6.50%,acid insoluble ash>0.80%.Five saponins content and the sum of R1+Rgi+Rbi was in the sequence of rhizome>Dong Sanqi>Chun Sanqi>rootlet.However,the density and internal components had little relation with the specifications and grades of Sanqi.2.Planting areas had a significant influence on size and saponins content of medicinal material of Sanqi.The grades from each planting area were almost 40?80 tou,and the three grades(40,60 and 80 tou)accounted 67.00%?86.43%.Moreover,the internal components(or saponins)with different planting areas had great difference,and the planting areas had a more significant effect on saponins than the grades on.3.The drying rate,density and the content of intrinsic composition have different characteristic in different Sanqi with different shapes and colours.Except alcohol extracts and saponins content,other root indicators such as drying rate,density and internal components content with GeDa Sanqi was higher than with LuoBu Sanqi.Purple Sanqi root had a higher total ash,alcohol extracts,souble sugar,reducing sugar,amylose,five saponins and Ri+Rgi+Rbi content,but had a lower drying rate and total starch content than green Sanqi root.Thus,in respect of medicinal materials,purple Sanqi is a good germplasm resources for breeding.4.The results showed that with the increase of planting age,the size and the content of saponins were significantly increased.Saponins of 1?2 year Sanqi was lower than the Pharmacopoeia standards(>5.00%),so it suggested for harvesting at the age of 3 years.Besides,Chun Sanqi had a higher yield,better appearance,dencichine content,amylose,amylopectin and total starch content than Dong Sanqi,but had a lower saponins content.Lastly,the highest total sugar and reducing sugar with Chun Sanqi was found at December,the highest dencichine and saponins content was found at September,and the highest amylose,amylopectin and total starch content was found at Novermber.However,the highest total sugar,reducing sugar and saponins content with Dong Sanqi was found at December,the highest dencichine content was found at Novermber,and the highest amylose,amylopectin and total starch content was found at September.Therefore,it is suggested that September is the best time for harvesting Sanqi.5.Comprehensive consideration of appearance and internal indicators,indoor ventilation drying was the best method for root drying,and low temperature drying was the best processing method for chip of Sanqi.Cleaning before drying and grinding after drying would cause a active components loss,which was increasing with the cleaning time.Besides,during the period of drying,the content of internal components was waved constantly,but there was little correlation with drying methods.6.According to above,re-graded and added density,total ash and acid insoluble ash indicators range to each grade,then we revised the draft of the commodity specification of Sanqi.