Study On Extraction,Co-pigments And Protective Effect On Acute Liver Injury Induced By APAP In Mice Of Anthocyanins From Lycium Ruthenicum Murr

Anthocyanins,a kind of water-soluble natural pigments,belong to the flavonoids compounds.Anthocyanins are widely used as substitute for artificial pigments and health products in food and drug fields because of their bright colors and many pharmacological activities.Lycium ruthenicum Murr.is mainly distributed in Qinghai in China,It has been a functional food for nearly a thousand years.Studies have shown that Lycium ruthenicum Murr.is rich in anthocyanins and polyphenols.The extraction processes of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.Anthocyanin(LA)were optimized in this study in order to improve the extraction process of LA and provide a green,scientific and efficient method for the industrial production of LA.In ordier to improve the stability of LA.,organic acids were used as the co-pigments of LA in this experiment to improve the stability of LA by the co-pigments effect of organic acids.The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of LA in protecting against acute liver injury caused by Acetaminophen(APAP)in mice and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms,and provide reference and basis for further study,development and utilization of LA.The main contents and findings were as follows:1.On the basis of single-factor experiments,the response surface method was applied to optimize the extraction process of total anthocyanins and total polyphenols in Lycium ruthenicum Murr.with ethanol combining ultrasonic.The better process of ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction of total anthocyanins is as follows:crushing size of 80 mesh,extraction solvent of 30 times,extraction at 50 ? for 10 min using 86%ethanol rendered an extract with 475.58 mg/100 g of total anthocyanins.The better process of ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction of total polyphenols is as follows:crushing size of 80 mesh,extraction solvent of 30 times,extraction at 68 ? for 10 min using 85%ethanol rendered an extract with 28.89 mg/g of total polyphenols.2.Organic acids as the co-pigments of LA were sdudied by detecting different examination index.The conclusions are as follows:the salicylic acid could be used to preserve the LA solution at 60 ? and below the temperature away from light.As the co-pigments,salicylic acid can significantly improve the absorbance and anthocyanin stability of the solution,increase the maximum absorption wavelength of the solution,reduce the browning index of the solution and do not significantly change the anthocyanin component in the solution by reducing the self polymerization effect.3.The pharmacological experiments in vivo was used to study the protective effect of LA on acute liver injury induced by APAP in mice.The contents of Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the serum of mice were measured,the liver index of mice was calculated and the pathological sections of liver tissues of mice were observed.The results showed that LA significantly alleviated the liver swelling induced by APAP in a dose-dependent manner,and LA could significantly reduce the increase of ALT and AST levels induced by APAP in mice serum in a dose-dependent manner.4.In order to elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect of LA on acute liver injury induced by APAP in mice,the effects of LA on the contents of glutathione(GSH),the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver tissues of mice with acute liver injury induced by APAP were investigated.The results indicated that LA significantly increased the content of GSH and the activity of SOD in the liver of acute liver injury induced by APAP in a dose-dependent manner.on the contrary,the level of MDA in corresponding liver tissues could be significantly down-regulated.Therefore,the protective mechanism of LA on the liver partially attributed to the increase of SOD activity and GSH content and the reduce of the MDA level in liver tissue,which could enhanced antioxidant defense of the liver.