Expression Of Galectin-3 And CD105 In The Progression Of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer(GC)is derived from gastric mucosa epithelial cells,which is a common malignant tumor of digestive tract.It has high malignancy degree,morbidity and fatality rate.Recent researches show that our country's5-year relative survival rate of patients with gastric cancer is only 27.4%,but the survival rate after early gastric cancer operation is more than 90%.Therefore,early detection and early treatment are very important.With the development and improvement of molecular biology and gene technology,many scholars begin to study gastric cancer from genetic level,and try to find a reliable diagnostic marker and new therapeutic target.Galectin-3 protein,a member of the galactose lectin family,participates in many physiological and pathological processes including regulating cell growth and differentiation,cell adhesion apoptosis and angiogenesis.It is also found to be involved in the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.The expression of Galectin-3 protein in tumor groups with different origins is considered to be closely related to the development of gastric cancer.Recent studies have shown that Galectin-3 in gastric cancer has a high positive expression rate,and Galectin-3 silence can lead to changes in tumor cell shapes,reduce cell viability and the invasion of malignant cells.But excessive expression reverses these effects and accelerate gastric cancer metastasis.The expression of Galectin-3 is closely related to the degree of differentiation and metastatic potential of gastric cancer.Galectin-3 may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer progression.CD105 protein,a homodimer cell membrane glycoprotein,is a marker for the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.By transforming growth factor?,it carries on the endothelium-interstitial signal transmission,and participates in angiogenesis,development,infiltration and metastasis of tumor.It can be considered as an ideal molecular target for the treatment of tumor angiogenesis.Compared with the previously discovered vascular endothelial marker factor,CD105 can more accurately reflect the cell proliferation status.It is generally believed that the Micro Vessel Density(MVD)can accurately reflect the CD105 expression.There are many studies on CD105 in ovarian,colorectal,prostate,renal,breast and lung cancers and cardiovascular diseases,but there are few on gastric cancer.Objective:This article aims to study the expression of Galectin-3 and CD105 in different stages of gastric cancer and to explore the correlation between the expression of two proteins.Methods:1.Collect 30 specimens of patients with early gastric cancer diagnosed by endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)endoscopic resection,negative margin and pathologically confirmed by pathologists.Collect 30 specimens of patients with advanced gastric cancer pathologically confirmed by pathologists after gastrectomy.The control group was 30 cases with normal tissue of gastric cancer.2.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of CD105 protein(MVD in CD105)and Galectin-3 protein in the gastric tissues of each group.The positive rate of light density(OD)and expression in each group were analyzed by the method of Galectin-3 positive rate.The Weidner method was used to quantitatively analyze the CD105-MVD.SPSS 21.0software packages were used in statistical treatment.the counting data was used(%),the?~2 analysis was used,the OD value between two groups and MVD were compared by T test.The variance analysis was used for the above three groups.The difference of P<0.05 was statistically significant.Correlation analysis with Spearman test.Inspection level?=0.05.Results:1.HE staining:The nucleus is purple-blue,cytoplasm,collagen fiber and basement membrane are pink.The structure of gastric mucosa epithelium is intact and the gland cells were orderly in the mirror of the normal tissue,early gastric cancer tissue and advanced gastric cancer tissue.Early cancer cell nucleus enlargement,deep dye,cellular polymorphism and nucleus prominence,gland complex budding or branch formation.The nucleus of advanced tumor is enlarged,deeply stained,cellular polymorphism and nucleus are highlighted,the irregular gland infiltrates to the submucosa to the mucous muscle layer and even the whole layer(Table 1).2.After immunohistochemical staining of Galectin-3 protein,the staining positive is light brown to dark brown granules,mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of epithelial cells.The normal mucosal tissue of gastric cancer(Fig.2A)is Galectin-3 in light brown,while in early stage gastric cancer,the ESD tissue(Fig.2B)and the Advanced gastric cancer(Fig.2C)are brown or dark brown,and the expression is more than that in the control group.Statistical analysis of the optical density(OD)expressed by Galectin-3(Fig.4)for the Advanced Group(0.312±0.101)>the Early Cancer Group(0.224±0.063)>the control group(0.176±0.439);Gastric cancer group(0.259±0.090)>the control group(0.176±0.439),the comparison of any two groups to get P<0.05,the difference is statistically significant.The positive rates of Galectin-3 protein expression in three groups are 20%(6/30),46.67%(14/30)and 66.67%(20/30),the positive rate of total gastric cancer is 58.3%,and the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05)(Table 2-3).3.The count of MVD showed that the CD105 protein staining is positive for brown-yellow granules,mainly in the cytoplasm of epithelial neovascularization.The blood vessels with positive expression of CD105protein are small diameter,new thin-walled blood vessels and large thick-walled vessels.The expression of CD105 protein is not seen in normal mucosa tissue of gastric carcinoma(Fig.3A),MVD is 0,and MVD in early gastric cancer(Fig.3B)is(28.933±2.891)/HP,and MVD in advanced gastric carcinoma(Fig.3C)is(34.750±6.017)/HP.There are statistically significant differences between the three(P<0.05).(Table 2-3).4.The expression of Galectin-3 protein and MVD are correlated closely with the expression of Galectin-3 protein in gastric carcinoma and the progression of tumor.From early gastric cancer to advanced gastric cancer,the positive rate of Galectin-3 protein increases gradually,and CD105-MVD also increases gradually.There is a positive correlation between the early Gastric cancer Group(r=0.480,P<0.05),the Advanced Gastric cancer Group(r=0.532,P<0.05)(Table 4-5).Conclusion:1.The expression of Galectin-3 protein and CD105 protein in gastric cancer tissue is significantly higher than that of normal tissue,and can be a reliable molecular marker for diagnosis of gastric cancer.The expression of advanced gastric cancer is higher than that of early gastric cancer and normal mucosa,which is related to the clinical stage and progression of gastric carcinoma Potential sensitive indicators for predicting the progression of gastric cancer.2.Correlation analysis shows that the expression of Galectin-3 and CD105-MVD in the progression of gastric cancer are positively correlated.Galectin-3 may promote the microvascular hyperplasia of gastric carcinoma,and provide a new target for the antiangiogenic therapy of gastric cancer.