| Citri sarcodactylis fructus（Citrus medica L.var.sarcodactylis Swingl,FoShou in Chinese,FS）has been widely used as traditional Chinese medicine and cuisine in China[1]and other countries since ancient times.It was widely distributed in China.In order to deeper understand the compounds and evaluate the quality,the several methods were developed.The HPLC fingerprint based on different origins of FS was established.The GC-MS and LC-Q TOF MS were performed for qualitative analysis.The contents of water,extractum,total flavonoids and polysaccharide were determined.Simultaneous quantitative method of FS from different origins by HPLC-DAD.A method based on un-targeted metabonomics analysis was developed for classification of FS.The results were showed as follows.1.The results from established fingerprints showed that a total of 26common peaks were pointed out and 4 peaks were identified as the common peaks.The CA and PCA can be used tocompare Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from different habitats.It was concluded that Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in neargeographic origins had a higher similarity,while the different geographic origins had a higher difference.2.There were 24 compounds identified including 12 flavone,2 limonoids and 10 courmarins in FS by LC-MS/MS.As a result,a promising approach GC-MS profiling was established,and nearly 50 peaks were identified,which mainly included monoterpene hydrocarbons,oxygenated monoterpenoids,sesquiterpenehydrocarbonsandoxygenated sesquiterpenoids.The results indicated that five geographical origins of FS displayed particular different profiles and rather different content of volatiles.3.The content of moisture and extractum was measured according to the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The ultraviolet spectrophotometry method was developed to determine total flavonoids and polysaccharides,furthermore,the content of total flavonoids and polysaccharides were compared between four origins.The total flavonoids content of SC is highest,but it had great fluctuation.The content of GD was relatively stable.The content of polysaccharides in GD was the most abundant,GX followed.The content of SC and ZJ were closely,but the content of SC has fluctuation.The eriocitrin,hesperidin,Isoscopoletin and Scoparone had the abundant content in SC,but the content of these compounds in SC were not stable.The content in GD is stabilization and homogeneous.The LC-Q TOF MS was applied for obtaining a large number data.Further data mining was used by a series of filtering process to find 28 markers.The principal component analysis（PCA）with 28 markers for discrimination and classification of FS origins was employed.A partial least square discrimination（PLSDA）model performed on the markers was used for classification of the FS origins.The result showed a good clustering and prediction capability.The HPLC-DAD method had good linearity,precision,accuracy,and sensitivity for simultaneous quantification of seven marker compounds.4.Near?infrared（NIR）was used to develop a method for rapid determination of moisture,extractum,total flavonoids and polysaccharide.The results showed the models can achieve the accuracy for prediction.It has important significance to quickly evaluate the quality of FS.Conclusion:This paper systematically had research on the material basis of FS.The qualitative and quantitative analysis for FS.Furthermore,the characteristic chemical constituents were identified to distinguish the origins of FS.The NIR provided an efficient method for rapidly evaluate the quality of FS.The results maybe provide the reference for the quality evaluation and application of FS. |
