Study On The Dietary Nutrition Of Pregnant Women And The Relationship Between Levels Of Folic Acid ,Vitamin D In Vivo And Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Objective:To understand the dietary and nutritional status of pregnant women in different pregnancy periods,analyze the biochemical indexes in pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and their related influencing factors,and put forward reasonable suggestions for improving the nutrient deficiency status of pregnant women and preventing pregnancy-induced hypertension in the future.Methods:1.1643 Uygur pregnant women were investigated by questionnaire and physical examination,and dietary survey was conducted by 24 h retrospective method,which was also compared with the reference intake of dietary nutrients?DRIs?in 2016 in different pregnancy periods.2.Blood pressure and clinical examination were carried out on 1329 pregnant women in the middle and late stages of pregnancy,and urinary protein content of pregnant women whose blood pressure exceeded the normal range was analyzed by biuret method.3.162 pregnant women suffering from hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy were divided into groups according to diagnostic criteria,and 486 pregnant women in the middle and late stages of pregnancy were selected as control group according to the ratio of age,pregnancy times and number of births of 1:3.4.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay?ELISA?was used to detect serum folic acid,homocysteine and vitamin D in pregnant women,and atomic absorption assay?AAS?was used to detect serum calcium level,and then do the analyze and compare.Result:1.Dietary composition of pregnant women in early,middle and late pregnancy:cereals and potatoes?286.43g,341.27g,389.62g?,vegetables?178.25g,215.04g,237.52g?,fruits?145.11g,156.38g,172.16g?,livestock and poultry meat?38.46g,63.00g,79.35g?,fish and shrimp?5.93g,6.18g,6.67g?,eggs?42.20g,50.09g,50.18g?,milk?73.84g,86.25g,93.07g?,soybeans and nuts?11.65g,18.70g,18.89g?,oils?25.58g,26.69g,27.05g?,salts?10.02g,9.17g,8.48g?,water?1130.76g,1425.28g,1436.05g?.2.Energy and nutrient intake:The percentage of energy and nutrient intake in DRIs of pregnant women in early,middle and late pregnancy is?104.80%,92.63%,84.45%?,protein?112.35%,99.34%,89.04%?,calcium?31.77%,23.81%,30.42%?,magnesium?70.27%,85.90%,86.81%?,potassium?77.38%,79.28%,93.67%?,phosp-horus?116.15%,118.21%,124.37%?,sodium?258.07%,261.64%,278.94%?,iron?84.75%,85.96%,91.14%?,zinc?113.89%,115.79%,133.26%?,iodine?41.71%,47.36%,54.96%?,vitamin A?104.05%,68.31%,89.47%?,vitamin D?56.00%,61.60%,68.50%?,vitamin E?94.36%,93.93%,95.29%?,vitamin B₁?97.50%,88.57%,92.00%?,vitamin B₂?70.83%,52.14%,52.67%?,vitamin B₆?74.55%,82.27%,81.36%?,vitamin C?71.36%,60.45%,62.96%?,folic acid?19.17%,24.78%,32.53%?.3.The number of people who knew folic acid-related knowledge was 492?29.95%?and the number of people who took folic acid was 218?13.27%?.there was no significant difference in the awareness of folic acid between the first pregnancy,different pregnancy and family income?P>0.05?,but there was significant difference in the awareness of folic acid between different ages and educational levels?P<0.05?.The number of people who knew about vitamin d was 295?17.95%?and the number of people who took vitamin D was 108?6.57%?.There was no significant difference in the awareness of vitamin d between the first pregnancy and the second pregnancy?P>0.05?.There was significant difference in the awareness of vitamin d between different ages,pregnancy,educational level and family income?P<0.05?.4.The incidence of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy is 76,51 in mild preeclampsia group,35 in severe preeclampsia group and 9.86%in 162 pregnant women with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.There was significant difference in serum folate,Hcy,vitamin D and calcium between healthy control group and hypertensive group during pregnancy,mild preeclampsia group and severe preeclampsia group?P<0.05?.5.related influencing factors OR of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy:the or values of age,BMI and serum Hcy are all greater than 1,and P<0.05;The OR values of serum folic acid,vitamin D and calcium are all less than 1,and P<0.05.Conclusion:1.The dietary composition of pregnant women is unreasonable,cereal potato and salt intake exceed the standard in different gestational periods,vegetables,fruits,livestock and poultry meat,eggs,milk and water intake are insufficient,fish and shrimp intake is seriously insufficient.2.Among the nutrients ingested by pregnant women,magnesium,potassium,iodine,vitamin D,vitamin B₂ and vitamin C are insufficient,while calcium and folic acid are seriously insufficient.3.The awareness rate and taking rate of folic acid and vitamin D related knowledge among Uygur pregnant women are low.The influencing factors include age,first pregnancy,different pregnancy periods,educational level and family income.4.The levels of serum folic acid,vitamin D and calcium of pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension are lower than those of healthy pregnant women,and the serum Hcy is higher than that of healthy pregnant women.5.Age,BMI and Hcy are risk factors of pregnancy-induced hypertension,folic acid,vitamin D and calcium are protective factors of pregnancy-induced hypertension.