The Safety Evaluation Of Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Poweders And It's Effect On

Ganoderma lucidum is a widely watched medicinal and edible fungus,Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is the most common Ganoderma lucidum products,is processed from Ganoderma lucidum germ cell Ganoderma lucidum spores.Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is considered to be the most important active ingredient in Ganoderma lucidum.In this paper,the Ganoderma lucidum spore powders which were provided by Ningxia Tianyuan Co.,Ltd.was used to evaluate the safety of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder,and its anti-fatigue effect and the immunoregulatory activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide was studied.Study contents were as follow three series:Series ? Safety experiment of Ganoderma lucidum spore powders in mice80 SPF ICR mice were divided into female and male group.The mice in each group were randomly divided into control group(0 mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum spore powder group),lower dose group(100 mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum spore powder group),midium dose group(300 mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum spore powder group)and higher dose group(500 mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum spore powder group).Each dose group was given 100mg/kg,300mg/kg,500mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum spore powder solution,and the control group was given the same amount of distilled water for 30 days.During the experiment,the growth status of the mice was observed,and the mice were weighed weekly;At 30th day,all the mice were sacrificed,and liver,kidney,spleen,testis,ovary and other tissues and organs were collected,fixed and calculated the organ index.And the liver function index,kidney function index and other biochemical index of serum were detected,the pathological of tissues were observed.Results There were no significant differences in body weight and organ coefficient in each group.And the histopathological specific lesions were not found in the liver,kidney,spleen,testis and ovary.Besides,the routine changes were within the normal range,female and male mice were consistent,no gender differences.These results showed that the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder(100-500mg/kg dose range)for 30 days without any adverse effects on mice,Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in this experimental dose range is safe.Series ? The preliminary research on the effect of anti-fatigue and biochemical mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum spore powdersThe mice were fed with different concentrations of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder(100mg kg,300mg kg,500mg kg).After 30 minutes of the last gavage,the weight-bearing swimming time of mice were tested in a warm water bath at 30 ?.And the liver and hind leg muscles were collected and the contents of hepatic glycogen and muscle glycogen were measured.Furthermore,the serum of mice was collected and the contents of glucose and urea nitrogen and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase were measured.Results:After 30 days of different doses of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder,the swimming time of each group was significantly longer than that of the control group,(5.53 ± 1.44&16.90 ± 5.98 and 10.65±1.26&20.61 ± 3.31,P<0.01),Respectively,increased by 205.6%and 93.5%;The content of hepatic glycogen in three dose groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01),however,the content of muscle glycogen in male mice was slightly higher than that in control group,but there was no significance in each group(P>0.05).Meanwhile,after the test of weight-bearing swimming of mice,the blood glucose levels of the mice,which were fed with different doses of ganoderma lucidum spore powders solution,were higher than those of the control group(1.43 ± 0.03&2.94 ±0.11,1.78 ± 0.04&2.75 ± 0.07,P<0.05).In addition,the contents of blood urea nitrogen was lower than that in the control group.And the activities of ALT,AST and AKP in the serum of groups which treated with ganoderma lucidum spore powders were lower than those in the control group,and significantly decreased(P<0.05&P<0.01)in the high dose group.The serum LDH's activity of each dose group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05&P<0.01).The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum spore powders could prolong the swimming time and improve the anti-fatigue ability of mice.The biochemical characteristics of it:On the one hand,the ganoderma lucidum spore powders could improve the energy reserve of mice by increasing the mouse liver and muscle glycogen accumulation;On the other hand,it could enhance the body's adaptability to the load by reducing the accumulation of urea nitrogen and blood glucose.Series? Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on immune function in miceIn order to investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the immunological activity which extracted from Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.The study use the extracted solution of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide(GLP)and the standard Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide(GLP)was used as a control materials,MTT assay was used to detect the effect of different concentration of GLP and different treatment time on the proliferation of splenocytes in mice.Meanwhile,the effects of different concentrations of GLP coupled with LPS and ConA on the proliferation of splenocytes in mice were also detected;Together,the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the mRNA relative expression of TNF-?,IL-1?,IL-6 and IFN-? in mice' splenocytes were tested by qRT-PCR.Results:The Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide could promote the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes in the range of final concentration at 5-400 ug/mL,and the best stimulating effect was in the range of 10?200ug/mL and treating time of 48h(p<0.05&p<0.01);Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can promote the proliferation of mice spleen cell,which coupled with LPS(lOug/mL)and ConA(5 ug/mL);the spleen cells were respectively stimulated with lOug/mL LPS and 200 ug/mL GLP after24 hours,the mRNA expression level of TNF-??IL-1 ??IL-6 and IFN-y in cells were significantly increased.These results indicate that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can stimulate spleen cell proliferation with dose and time dependent;in addition to,Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide has a synergistic effect on lymphocyte proliferation induced by LPS and ConA;And Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can also play an immune enhancement role in increasing the expression TNF-? and other cytokines.