| BackgroundGanoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine.The medicinal part of Ganoderma lucidum recorded in the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China is a Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body.Its sweet,flat,heart,lung,liver and kidney,with qi Relieve the nerves,relieve cough and relieve asthma.Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is the seed that is ejected when the ganoderma lucidum matures.When the wild Ganoderma lucidum matures,the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is ejected and released in the air,which cannot be collected.There is no application record of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in ancient Chinese medicine and modern literature,and there is no drug research.Since the 1950s,with the mature development of cultivation and collection techniques,Ganoderma lucidum spore powder has been widely collected and applied.However,there is no unified national drug standard for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.In recent years,several local standards have recorded Ganoderma lucidum spore powder,but there are differences in the description of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.At present,there are granules,tablets and capsules of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on the market.According to statistics,there are 178 kinds of domestically produced Chinese patent medicines with Ganoderma lucidum as the main raw material,and 1074 kinds of domestic and imported health foods;there are 4 kinds of domestically produced Chinese patent medicines with Ganoderma lucidum spore powder as the main raw material,and 353 kinds of domestic and imported health foods.Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder have been widely used in the healthcare industry.In view of the fact that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is derived from Ganoderma lucidum,it is necessary to ’conduct an in-depth and comprehensive study on Ganoderma lucidum spore powder with Ganoderma lucidum as the control and Chinese medicine as the core,and to establish a consensus-recognized Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.The clinical application under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory provides a more scientific,informative and rigorous basis.Objective and significanceUnder the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory,this subject comprehensively compares Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum from four aspects:literature research,theoretical research,pharmaceutical research and pharmacology research,providing scientific basis for the clinical application of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.Under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory,this subject is based on the scientific literature of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.The chemical composition detection and modern pharmacological experiments of traditional Chinese medicine are used as research methods to explore and verify the traditional Chinese medicine properties of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.This study provides theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory,and provides reference for the study of new drug medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine.Method1.Literature and theoretical researchThe Chinese and English literatures of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder were searched and analyzed by CNKI,Web of Science(WoS)and PubMed database.Comparative analysis of the chemical composition,pharmacological effects,clinical application of the subject of the relevant literature,combined with the basic theory of Chinese medicine,to explore and improve the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder Chinese medicine.2.pharmaceutical experimental researchA total of 13 batches of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder from different producing areas and 18 batches of Ganoderma lucidum from different producing areas were collected.The content of crude polysaccharide and total triterpenoids was determined by UV spectrophotometry under the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China.3.Pharmacological experimental research(1)Effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on biological characteristics of mice with deficiency heat syndrome and deficiency cold syndrome225 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 15 groups and 15 mice in each group after 7 days of adaptive feeding.That is,blank group,blank+Ganoderma lucidum high-dose group,blank+Ganoderma lucidum spore powder high-dose group,virtual heat model group,virtual heat model+American ginseng group,virtual heat model+Ganoderma lucidum high-dose group,virtual heat model+Ganoderma lucidum low-dose group,virtual heat model+ Ganoderma lucidum spore powder high dose group,virtual heat model+Ganoderma lucidum spore powder low dose group,deficiency cold model group,deficiency cold model + Ginseng group,deficiency model+Ganoderma lucidum high dose group,Deficiency model+Ganoderma lucidum low dose Group,deficient cold model+high dose group of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder,deficient cold model+low dose group of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.Every morning,the corresponding drugs were intragastrically administered.In the afternoon,the thyroxine tablets solution was administered to prepare a deficiency heat syndrome,and the hydrocortisone solution was administered to prepare a cold syndrome.The experiment was continued for 14 days.After the experiment is over,the relevant indicators are detected.(2)Effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on biological characteristics of immunosuppressive-spleen-yang deficiency mice112 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 7 groups and 16 mice in each group after 7 days of adaptive feeding.That is,the blank group,the model group,the ginseng group,the high dose group of Ganoderma lucidum,the low dose group of Ganoderma lucidum,the high dose group of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder,and the low dose group of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.After the start of the experiment,the corresponding drugs were intragastrically administered every morning;ice water swimming for 5 min every morning for 5 min,and immunosuppressive-spleen yang deficiency syndrome was established by continuous intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide 75 mg/kg for the last 3 days.After the experiment is over,the relevant indicators are detected.Result1.Literature and theoretical researchBased on literature comparison studies,the chemical constituents of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder are basically the same,with the highest content of polysaccharides and triterpenes;pharmacological effects and clinical application have obvious immunomodulatory effects.Ganoderma lucidum mainly acts on nervous system and breathing.System and antioxidants,Ganoderma lucidum spore powder mainly acts on the digestive system,reproductive system and anti-tumor.2.pharmaceutical experimental researchUnder the experimental conditions,the crude polysaccharide content of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in different habitats ranged from 0.98%±0.045 to 2.95%± 0.021 with a mean of 1.79%.The total triterpenoid content ranged from 1.33%± 0.016 to 3.74%± 0.012 with a mean of 2.66%.The content of crude polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum from different habitats ranged from 0.92%± 0.0082 to 1.85%± 0.012 with a mean value of 1.13%.The total triterpenoid content ranged from 0.53%± 0.012 to 0.95%± 0.017 with an average of 0.71%.3.Pharmacological experimental research(1)Effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum on the biological effects of mice with deficiency and deficiency of heatCompared with the normal group,Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder had no difference in cAMP,cGMP,cAMP/cGMP,T3,T4 and rT3 indexes in normal mice.Compared with the virtual heat model group,consistent with the effect of American ginseng,Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder can reduce cAMP,cGMP,cAMP/cGMP,T3,T4,rT3,IL-4 values and increase IL-2 and TNFa values in model mice.Compared with the model of deficient cold,consistent with the role of ginseng,Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder can increase cAMP,cGMP,cAMP/cGMP,T3,T4,rT3,IL-2,TNFa values and decrease IL-4 value in model mice.Compared with the same-dose deficiency heat group,the rT3 index of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was not as good as that of Ganoderma lucidum;compared with Ganoderma lucidum in the same dose of deficient cold group,the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on cAMP/cGMP,T3,T4 and rT3 was more obvious in model mice.(2)Effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum on biological characteristics of immunosuppressive-spleen-yang deficiency miceCompared with the model group,Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder increased cAMP,cGMP,cAMP/cGMP,LG,MG,D-xylose,Na+-K+-ATP ase,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP ase,CK,SDH,LDH,IL-2,TNFa values;decreased FFA,UREA,TC,TG,LA,IL-4,HGB values,WBC,PLT counts rebounded in model mice.Compared with the same dose of Ganoderma lucidum,Ganoderma lucidum spore powder increased cAMP,cAMP/cGMP,LG,D-xylose,Na+-K+-ATP ase,LDH,IL-2,TNFα,and decreased IL-4 value,WBC,The PLT count is significantly higher in model mice.Conclusions1.Theoretical research conclusionsBased on the comparative study of Chinese and English literatures,the chemical constituents of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder are mainly polysaccharides and triterpenoids.Ganoderma lucidum is mainly used in the nervous system to treat cardiovascular diseases;Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is mainly used for anti-tumor treatment of male climacteric syndrome.It is known that the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China contains the Ganoderma lucidum and Ping.Heart,lung,liver,kidney.It has the effect of tonifying qi and soothing,relieving cough and relieving asthma.Literature and theoretical studies on the improvement of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder Chinese medicine are as follows:[Sexual taste and returning]Sweet,slightly bitter,flat.heart,lung,spleen,kidney.[Functions and Indications]Fuzheng Guben,spleen and Qi,tonifying kidney and essence,nourishing the heart and soothe the nerves,stop bleeding and phlegm.It is used for physical weakness,weakness after illness,soft kidney and kidney,restlessness,long-term cough and asthma,and vaginal blood.[Usage and Dosage]Directly use 6～12 grams,decoction;or use 3～6 grams of broken wall,boiled water.Theoretical results based on comparative literature studies provide theoretical guidance for subsequent pharmaceutical and pharmacological experiments.2.pharmaceutical experimental research conclusionsThe broad pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder are mainly the use of polysaccharides and triterpenoids.Under the experimental conditions,the average content of crude polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum spore powder from different habitats was 1.79%;the average value of total triterpenoids was 2.66%.The average content of crude polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum from different habitats was 1.13%;the average content of total triterpenoids was 0.71%.The results showed that the content of crude polysaccharide and total triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was higher than that of Ganoderma lucidum.Crude polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum:total triterpene=1:0.63,crude polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder:total three triterpenoids=1:1.49.This experiment provides a corresponding experimental basis for literature and theoretical research,and provides a basis for the material basis for the comparative study of Chinese medicine medicinal properties.3.Pharmacological experimental research conclusionsTwo models of mice with deficiency heat syndrome and deficiency cold syndrome were used to verify the authenticity of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder from the perspective of similar heterogeneous counter-evidence.Ganoderma lucidum spore powder has a regulating effect on both models,indicating that the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder has a two-way regulation effect,which is "flatness";in addition,compared with the same dose of Ganoderma lucidum,Ganoderma lucidum spore powder has a more significant effect on the model of deficient cold mice.However,the improvement effect on the virtual heat model mice is not as good as that of Ganoderma lucidum,revealing the "micro-temperature" of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.According to this,the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is classified as "sexual(micro-warm)".Ganoderma lucidum spore powder can regulate the immune function of the model mice,and comparing the same dose of Ganoderma lucidum,Ganoderma lucidum spore powder has more obvious immunomodulatory effect on the deficient mice.All of the results indicating that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is "sexual(micro-warm)".The mice with immunosuppressive-spleen yang deficiency model were used to verify the drug medicinal properties of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.The yang deficiency is cold,combined with the treatment of cold with heat medicine,Ganoderma lucidum spore powder can improve the mice with spleen yang deficiency model,and the regulation effect of Ganoderma lucidum is more significant than that of the same dose,and the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is verified,Spleen.Based on the "sexual effect correlation",Ganoderma lucidum spore powder can improve the symptoms of model mice by exerting the effect of "spleen qi and nourishing qi",and it is more significant than the equivalent dose of Ganoderma lucidum,that is,the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder "spleen and qi"The trend of the medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicines is consistent,indicating that the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is related to the efficacy of "spleen qi and spleen".In summary,under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory,this subject combines literature research,theoretical research,pharmaceutical research,and pharmacological research to comprehensively compare the differences between Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum,and provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.To provide a certain method for the study of Chinese medicine medicinal properties. |
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