Research On Mental Health Maintenance Plan For Officers And Soldiers On Long-voyage Naval Vessels Based On Self-disclosure

Objective:In this study,we would analyze the level of self-disclosure,current psychological situation and the influence of self-disclosure to mental health of officers and soldiers of long voyage by investigating the self-disclosure level and mental health status.Through qualitative interviews,we would explores the psychological changes and the situation of self-disclosure of the officers and soldiers of the warship in different periods of long-term voyage,and analyzes the form,content,time point,etc.of the self-disclosure intervention to the officers and soldiers.Based on those above,and combined with the literature analysis of the mental health maintenance and self-disclosure intervention research of warship offieers and soldiers,and combined with the relevant cognitive processing theory and reflection/reconstruction theory,a self-disclosure promotion plan for the mental health of officers and soldiers of long-distance navigation vessels would be constructed.It is expected to provide an empirical basis for improving the mental health of officers and soldiers of long-distance navigation vessels,thereby better safeguarding long-term and distance voyage military missions and improving the combat effectiveness of naval vessels.Methods:This study is based on methods of literatire review,quantitative research and qualitative research.The research content is divided into the following three parts:Part 1:Research on the status of self-disclosure of the offieers and soldiers on long voyage naval vessels and the correlation with mental health.Using the convenient sampling method,with the measuring of the general data questionnaire,Distress Disclosure Index(DDI),Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20(SRQ-20),Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS),General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),we assessed the status of self-disclosure and mental health of 203 officers and soldiers who have participated in the long-term navigation missions of the China Sea Fleet.Statistical analysis was performed using the software of IBM SPSS21.0 and AMOS 21.0.Descriptive analysis,T test,analysis of variance(ANOVA),Mann-Wllitney U test,Kruskal-Wallis H test,Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis were used for data describing,univariate analysis,and correlation analysis.Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of mental health of the officers and soldiers.Then,structural equation model is applied to construct the mechanism model of mental health influencing factors.Part ?:Qualitative research on the psychological change and self-disclosure of the officers and soldiers during long voyage.The method of convenient sampling and purpose sampling were used to recruit officers and soldiers who had just eompleted the long voyage mission.A semi-structured interview was used to explore the psychological changes and the characteristics of self-disclosure during the long voyage missions.Data was analyzed with Nvivol1.0 soffware with the methods of Colaizzi 7-step analysis,scenario analysis,and generic analysis.Part ?:Construction of self-disclosure promotion plan for warship officers and soldiers during long voyage.Referring to the "content analysis method" for literature analysis,combined with results of the first part that the investigation and analysis of the status of self-disclosure and mental health of officers and soldiers on long-voyoge Naval Vessels,and results of the second part that mental state changes and self-disclosure(form?content,object,degree,internal demand,etc.).The first draft of the self-disclosure intervention plan for the warship officers and soldiers during the long-distance flight was constructed,and the plan was revised through the expert group meeting.Results:1.The correlation study on the status of self-disclosure and mental health of officers and soldiers of long-distance navigation vessels showed that:(1)The self-disclosure level of them was generally at a medium level,and the self-disclosure score was 40.03±7.23 points,of which the ratios of low,medium and high exposure levels were 4.9%,66.5%and 28.6%.(2)The measurement results of SRQ-20 showed that 20.2%of officers and soldiers have mental health problems,scores of positive emotions and negative emotions were 26.74±6.89 and 16.46±5.12,scores of general self-efficacy were 25.02±5.56,scores of comprehension social support were 62.05±12.09,among whieh comprehension falily support,friend support and other support scores were:21.39±4.59,20.15±4.42 and 20.51±4.36,respectively.(3)Results of univariate analysis:The self-disclosure levels of the officers and soldiers with different educational levels were significantly different(P<0.05).The self-disclosure levels of the officers and soldiers experiencing different single longest voyage were also significantly different(P<0.01).The SRQ-20 scores of the officers and soldiers in different age group were statistically significant different(P<0.05).(4)Correlation analysis between mental health and self-disclosure level of officers and soldiers of long-distance navigation:The SRQ-20 scores of them were significantly negatively correlated with self-disclosure,positive emotions,general self-efficacy,and perceived social support,and were significantly positively correlated with negative emotions(P<0.01).The levels of self-disclosure were significantly positively correlated with positive emotions,general self-efficacy,and comprehension social support;and negatively correlated with negative emotions(P<0.01).(5)Factors affecting mental health:The factors influencing mental health include self-disclosure,positive emotions,and negative emotions,which can explain the 34.8%variation in mental health.(6)The results of path analysis:The self-disclosure of officers and soldiers has the highest impact on mental health(SRQ-20 score),with a total effect value of-0.420;the self-disclosure and positive emotions have a direct(negative)effect on mental health(SRQ-20 score),and the path coefficients are-0.189,-0.265,respectively.The negative emotions have a direct(forward)effect on mental health(SRQ-20 score)with a path coefficient of 0.383.The self-disclosure,comprehension of social support,and general self-efficacy of officers and soldiers have an indirect(negative)effect on mental health(SRQ-20 score),with path coefficients of-0.231,-0.1 19,and-0.14,respectively.2.The results of qualitative interview:(1)The process of psychological changes of warship officers and soldiers in different periods of long-distance navigation can be divided into six stages:Before the departure(Psychological warning period)-the psychological characteristics were excited,normal,or worried;In the early stage(Excitation period)-the psychological distress included peace of mind,freshness,and anxiety of safety;In the middle stage(Depression and anxiety period)-the psychological distress included anxiety,weakness,depression,and cognitive symptoms;In the late stage(Burnout stage)-the psychological distress included irritability,numbness,fatigue,exhaustion,homesickness,and insomnia;Before returning(Emotional resurgence period)-the psychological characteristics were excited,slightly anxious,full of hope,and worried about changes;After returning(Recuperation period)-their performances were restoring social relationship,"grounded",and reflective gains.(2)The self-disclosure of the officers and soldiers during the long-distance navigation was different in different periods.There were more active self-disclosures in the early stage of long-term voyage and before the end of the voyage.In the middle of the voyage,there was less self-disclosure,however,the eager for disclosure was increasing.Officers and soldiers generally reflected that self-disclosure in the middle of long-term navigation can help to improve mental health.(3)The coping strategies of warship officers and soldiers for the psychological adjustment during long-distance navigation:Preparing materialy and psychologically before departure;cultivating hobbies,engaging in group activities,engaging in appropriate physical exercise,receiving enough life support,managing environment well,and timely empathy and individualized treatment of problems during the voyage;helping the officers and soldiers to make good plan before the end of voyage.3.Construction of self-disclosure promotion plan for warship officers and soldiers during long-distance voyage:The intervention plan was revised after two rounds of experts meeting that 8 senior experts participate.The revised intervention plan contains five parts:intervention targets,intervention forms,intervention organizers/implementers,interventions,evaluation indicators and time.The form of intervention plan included the combinations of language and writing expression,as well group and personal disclosure.Intervention eontents were that:Early navigation-group disclosure(one time per week,30?40mins each time,groups of 8 to 12),middle navigation-group disclosure(ibid.)combined with personal writing(3 days in a row,20 minutes a day),late navigation-group disclosure(ibid.)&personal writing disclosure(one time per week,20mins each time)&personal language disclosure(one time per week,20?30mins each time),and before the end of the voyage-group disclosure(ibid.).Conclusions:1.The self-disclosure of officers and soldiers on long-voyoge naval vessels is mostly at a medium level,and self-disclosure is closely related to the level of mental health.The mental health status of officers and soldiers needs to be improved.Therefore,the mental health of them can be improved through promoting self-disclosure.2.During the long-term mission,the officers and soldiers of the warships had obvious stages of psychological changes,including psychological warning period,excitation period,depression and anxiety period,burnout stage,emotional resurgence period and recuperation period.There are more active self-exposure in the early stage of sailing and before the end of the voyage.Even the self-disclosure demand in the middle of the voyage is strong,the actual self-disclosure is less.The officers and soldiers reflected that the oral expression in the middle and late period was an effective and irreplaceable way to alleviate the negative psychological emotions especially in the later period.3.Combined with quantitative surveys and qualitative interview results,the self-disclosure promotion plan for warship officers and soldiers on long-voyage naval mission constructed through literature analysis,theoretical research and expert group meetings has good feasibility and scientificity.