Study On Quality Standard Of Citrus Aurantium Flowers And Its Development And Utilization

Citrus aurantium L.is mainly distributes in Jiangxi,Hunan,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Guizhou and other places south of the Yangtze River Basin in China.Juvenile and immature fruits of Citrus aurantium L.,namely Zhishi and Zhiqiao,were used clinic as Qi-regulating drugs.Jiangxi was the main producing area of Citrus aurantium,Zhishi and Zhiqiao were authentic medicinal materials in Jiangxi,with large quantity and high quality.Up to now,the literature reports mainly focus on the research of Zhishi and Zhiqiao,the research and application of the flower are few,it has the functions of soothing liver and relieving depression,and stopping gastric nausea.It is rich in resources and pleasant aroma.However,the methods of biological activity and quality evaluation have not been reported in the literature.In order to fully exploit and utilize the "potential resources" of Jiangxi Province,the following studies were carried out on the citrus aurantium flowers produced in Jiangxi Province:By observing the differences of the characteristics of the citrus aurantium flowers in Jiangxi and adulterated orange flowers and pomelo flowers at different developmental stages,the characteristics of the citrus aurantium flowers were defined: they were 0.5~2.0cm long and 0.5~1.0cm in diameter.Calyx green,calyx tube cupshaped,lobes 4~5,edge villous.Petals 5,white or yellow-white,surface with longitudinal lines.Stamens mostly,20~26,yellow,filaments slender,base united into several bunches.Pistil rod-shaped,ovary upper,oblate,green,style cylindrical,stigma capitate,yellow-green.The smell is fragrant and bitter.By mutil-region surface and powder sheeting,comparing the microscopic characteristics of citrus aurantium flowers in Jiangxi at different developmental stages with those of adulterated orange flowers and pomelo flowers,the microscopic characteristics of citrus aurantium flowers were clarified: there were many pollen grains in the powder,light yellow,round,with four germination holes,a few 5 germination holes,with a diameter of 22~34?m.Non-glandular hairs are single-celled,long and curved,thin-walled.The conduit is multi-threaded and small.The inner wall cells of pollen sac showed strip-like thickening.There were annular stomata and 6~8 accessory cells.Calcium oxalate crystals are square,rhombic and polygonal with a length of 5~30?m.Qualitative and quantitative determination methods of citrus aurantium flowers were established by TLC and HPLC,and the dynamic changes of the contents of various components in citrus aurantium flowers from Jiangxi in different development stages were analyzed.Naringin and neohesperidin were the most abundant components in citrus aurantium flowers,followed by rutin naringin and hesperidin.The contents of the above four flavonoid glycosides increased first and then decreased with the development of flower from young bud stage to withering stage,and most of them reached the highest level at full bud stage.The contents of water,total ash,heavy metals and extractives in different flowering stages of citrus aurantium flowers from Jiangxi were determined.It was found that the contents of water,water-soluble extractives and alcohol-soluble extractives in full bud stage were higher than those in other flowering stages,and the total ash was lower than other stages.The content of heavy metals was lower than the national limit.The comprehensive weighted evaluation of citrus aurantium flowers from Jiangxi at different flowering stages was carried out based on the combination of composition and characteristics.It was found that the total score of component content and the evaluation of character were the highest in the same year at the full bud stage,which indicated the flower at the full bud stage had not only high component content,but also the best color,aroma and integrity of medicinal materials.Draft quality standard of citrus aurantium flowers from Jiangxi was drafted,which laid a foundation for standardizing the quality of the flower.To study the regulating effect of citrus aurantium flowers on intestinal tract of mice,the water extract of the flower in middle and high dose groups can promote the intestinal propulsion rate of mice in vivo.The water extract of citrus aurantium flowers can inhibit the autonomous contraction of isolated duodenum,jejunum and ileum of mice in a certain concentration range,and the inhibition extent of ileum is significantly stronger than that of duodenum and jejunum,and to the isolated intestinal tube.The peristaltic frequency first accelerated and then slowed down with the increase of concentration.To study the antialcoholic effect of compound solution of citrus aurantium flowers and puerariae flos on mice,the preliminary results showed that the sobering time was the shortest when the ratio was 3:7,and the tailing time was longer,which could alleviate the spasm of isolated intestinal tube after drinking.RSM was used to optimize the extraction process of compound beverage of citrus aurantium flowers and puerariae flos.The results showed that the optimum extraction parameters were 117 liquid-solid ratio,80 ? extraction temperature and 60 min extraction time.Orthogonal design was used to optimize the proportion of excipients in beverages.When xylitol and citric acid were added 6% and 0.04%,the sensory score was 88.6.Through the above research:(1)Established the identification method and the qualitative analysis method of the main active ingredients of citrus aurantium flowers from Jiangxi,and formulated the draft quality standard,which filled in the blank of the quality evaluation.(2)The pharmacodynamic effects of citrus aurantium flowers in regulating gastrointestinal tract were verified,which provided experimental basis for the development of products in soothing liver,relieving depression and relieving stomach nausea.(3)The influence of different proportions of citrus aurantium flowers and puerariae flos on sobering effect and the preparation technology of compound beverage were studied,which laid an experimental foundation for the development and utilization of citrus aurantium flowers.