| BackgroundBody composition refers to the composition ratio of different body components in the human body,including body fat percentage,fat mass,muscle mass,protein,inorganic salts,and total body water.A suitable proportion of body composition is an important criterion for measuring health.Middle school students are in an excessive period from child development to adulthood.They grow rapidly and their body composition is constantly changing.The physical and health level of this period will directly affect the health of adulthood.At home and abroad,there are many types of research on the body composition of college students and athletes,but there is a lack of research on the changes of body composition from the perspective of growth and development of middle school students.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the development of body composition of a middle school student in Guangzhou,to understand the status of physical composition,the status of recessive obesity and the status of malnutrition in a middle school student in Guangzhou,and to explore the influencing factors to provide a scientific basis for the healthy growth of middle school students.MethodsIn the existing student physical quality monitoring platform,students in a high school in Guangzhou were selected by the method of convenient sampling in the form of informed consent.A total of 1012 people(516 male students and 496 female students)were selected.The questionnaire survey and the body composition analyzer produced by Beijing Sihai Huachen Technology Co.,Ltd.was used to measure body composition.The measured indicators included height,weight,body fat mass,body fat percentage,muscle mass,protein,inorganic salt,and total water.According to the "Chinese school-age children and adolescents overweight,obesity screening body mass index value classification criteria" and "school-age children and adolescents malnutrition screening" recommended criteria to determine the student's BMI weight loss or obesity.The classification criteria for body fat rate recommended by children and adolescents: male FMP?20%;female ?14 years old FMP?25%,?15 years old FMP?30% for obesity;male body fat percentage <14%;female body fat percentage <17% is weight loss.BMI is normal and the body fat rate reaches the obesity standard as recessive obesity;BMI and body fat rate are both lean and malnourished.The comparison of gender indicators between the individual components was analyzed by the t-test of independent samples,and the comparison between different ages was analyzed by analysis of variance.The comparison between the recessive obesity rate and malnutrition rate in different genders and grades was analyzed by chi-square test.The multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of each component index.The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of recessive obesity and malnutrition..Results:1.The body composition index of the study population:(1)Body fat,body fat percentage and muscle mass The body fat of male and female students did not change much with age,but the body fat of girls of all ages was significantly higher than that of male students(P<0.05).The body fat percentage of boys aged 12-16 decreased year by year and slowly increased at the age of 17 years.The body fat percentage of girls did not change significantly among all age groups,but it was always higher than that of boys of the same age(P<0.05).The muscle mass of male and female students is a steady growth trend from the age of 12 to 18 years old,and the muscle mass of boys is significantly higher than that of girls of the same age in all ages.(2)Total body water,protein,inorganic salts and basal metabolic rate The total body water,protein,inorganic salts and basal metabolic rate of male and female students aged 12-18 are steadily increasing with age,and boys are in each The age group is significantly higher than girls of the same age;the growth rate of boys is slightly higher than that of girls.2.Study the status of recessive obesity in the population:The recessive obesity rates of junior high school boys and junior high school girls were 17.27% and 50.18%,respectively.The recessive obesity rates of high school boys and high school girls were 16.10% and 24.89%,respectively.The rate of recessive obesity among junior high school girls was higher than that of high school girls(P< 0.05);the rate of recessive obesity among girls in junior high school and high school was higher than that in boys(P<0.05).3.Study the malnutrition status of the population:The malnutrition rates of junior high school boys and junior high school girls were 5.22% and 0.37%,respectively.The malnutrition rates of high school boys and high school girls were 10.49% and 0.89% respectively;the malnutrition rate of high school boys was higher than that of junior high school boys(P<0.05);The malnutrition rates of boys in junior high school and high school were higher than those in girls(P<0.05).4.Analysis of factors affecting body composition:Multivariate linear regression model found that gender,father height,mother height,father weight,mother weight,exercise time and sleep time were the influencing factors of body fat percentage(P<0.05),and their ? values were 11.07,-0.13,-0.19,0.12,0.16,-0.62,and 0.57;gender,age,maternal height,father's weight,and maternal weight were factors influencing muscle mass,total water,protein,inorganic salts,and basal metabolic rate(P < 0.01).5.Analysis of influencing factors of recessive obesity:The multivariate logistic regression model found that gender,age,father's weight,exercise time and sleep time were the influencing factors of recessive obesity(P<0.05),and their ? values were 1.20,-0.17,0.02,-0.24 and 0.18,respectively.6.Analysis of factors affecting malnutrition:The multivariate logistic regression model found that gender,age,father height,father's weight,and maternal weight were the influencing factors of malnutrition(P <0.05),and their ? values were-2.75,0.24,0.13,-0.06 and-0.09,respectively.Conclusion1.There are significant differences in body composition indicators between different genders.The muscle mass,total body water,protein,inorganic salts and basal metabolic rate of students all show an increasing trend with age.2.The rate of latent obesity among middle school students is higher,especially for girls;while the rate of malnutrition among boys is significantly higher than that of girls.3.Gender,age,parental height,parental weight,exercise time and sleep time are the influencing factors of middle school students' body composition;gender,age,father weight,exercise time and sleep time are the influencing factors of middle school students' recessive obesity;gender,Age,father height and parental weight are the influencing factors of malnutrition among middle school students. |
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