The Structure And Properties Of The Gelatamp And Xiang'en Collagen Spong:A Comparative Study

ObjectiveOral tooth extraction is a common operation in the oral alveolar surgery.In clinical,several teeth with tooth defects,apical lesions,periodontal diseases,aren't worth preserving and need to be extract.After tooth extraction surgery,the complications may occur due to the reaction to surgery such as pain,infection and hemorrhage.And the most common complication is hemorrhage owing to the difficult of surgery,the degree of trauma,tearing of gums and even without following the doctor's advice.The postoperative patients may gargle too early to cause the falls of the blood clots.What's more,the patients with heart or brain vascular disease often take the medicine such as warfarin,aspirin,heparin.The patients with coagulant function abnormality are easy to easily bleed after tooth extraction.It often needs to do some preventative treatment,for example,suture,hemostasis via drug,tamponade by iodoform gauze and placing gelatin sponge.In clinical,the gelatin sponge is the most common and wide use of oral hemostatic materials.There are many types of gelatin sponge including Gelatamp and Xiang'En Collagen Sponges.In this study,the characterizations of Gelatamp and Xiang'En collagen sponges was performed to compare the structure and composition of them.The bacterial experiment and cell experiment were carried on to observe and compare the status of cells and bacteria on collagen sponges.The study may be contributed to the performance of collagen sponge in clinical.Methods1.Characterization of collagen sponges on structure and composition:the functional group of the two collagen sponges were characterized by infrared spectroscopy?FTIR?.The microstructure of the materials was observed directly by scanning electron microscopy?SEM?.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy?XPS?was used to analysis the element of two collagen sponges.The composition,content and the distribution of elements were characterized by Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer?EDS?and Mapping.X-ray diffraction?XRD?was performed to analysis the typical pearl of collagen and the element of silver.The silver ion release rate of the Gelatamp sponge was measured by Inductively coupled plasma opticalemission spectrometer?ICP?.2.Bacteriostatic experiment of collagen sponges:the inhibition ring test of staphylococcus aureus was carried out to compare the antibacterial properties of the two collagen sponges.3.Cell experiments:the cells were culture on collagen sponges and the proliferation and cytotoxicity of cells were evaluated and analyze the biological properties in vitro.Results:1.The FTIR results shows the characteristic peak of collagen(amide??1629?cm^-1,amide??1538?cm^-1,amide?(1448 cm^-1)).The results of SEM shows that the two collagen sponges had loose and porous structure with large and penetrating pores.Gelatamp collagen was coated with colloidal silver on its surface.EDS results suggested that Xiang'En collagen sponge contained the elements of carbon,oxygen,onitrogen,phosphorus and sulfur.XPS results showed that the distance of two peaks of binding energy on Gelatamp collagen sponge was 6ev which indicating that Gelatamp collagen sponge contained silver.The XRD results show that the Gelatamp sponge has characteristic peaks at 111,200,220,and 311,confirming that the silver element is zero-valent elemental silver.Silver ion release experiments showed that the release of silver ions from the Gelatamp sponge was a long,slow release process.2.Bacterial test results show that Gelatamp has a strong antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus,while Xiang'En collagen sponge has no bacteriostatic effect.3.3T3-E1 cell was performed in this experiment.Cell Counting Kit-8?cck-8?results showed that the 3T3 cells in both the Xiang'En collagen sponge group and the control group proliferate normally,while the cells culture on Gelatamp collagen sponge were completely dead and proved by the results of laser confocal microscopy.ConclusionThe results of bacteriostatic and cell experiment on the two collagen sponges were completely opposite.Xiang'En collagen sponge has good biocompatibility without antibacterial properties.Gelatamp has excellent antibacterial properties,but has cytotoxic on cells.Clinically,Gelatamp has a good hemostasis effect on preventing complications after tooth extraction surgery.The weight of a Gelatamp collagen sponge which using normally does not exceed 90 mg,thus,the account of the elemental silver is only 5%.The process of the silver dissolves to silver ions is slow.The aim of controlling the amount of silver is to reduce the cytotoxic effect on cell.The advantage of Gelatamp more focus on its bacteriostatic effect.Ag⁺can reduce the inflammatory reaction by killing bacteria and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines which provide environment with relatively few bacteria for the growth of the cells.The early Gelatamp sponge mainly exerts its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects,and in the later stage,as the collagen is degraded and absorbed,the concentration of silver decreases to the normal value range.In the computerized blood clot,the osteoblasts begin to grow actively,and the alveolar begins osteogenesis.In clinical,it should be controlled the amount of Gelatamp on wound which may be able to promote healing of teeth extraction socket.