Study On The Effect Of Dietary Guidance On The Nutritional Status During Pregnancy And Pregnancy Outcome

ObjectiveNutrition during pregnancy is related to offspring development and maternal health.In order to explore the effect of nutrition intervention during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome and maternal health,based on the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the nutritional status of women of childbearing age in Pingyin County,we discussed the influence of individualized nutrition intervention on the nutritional status,complications during pregnancy,delivery mode and newborn birth outcome of women of childbearing age,so as to achieve the purpose of reasonable nutrition during pregnancy,reasonable weight growth,reducing cesarean section rate and reducing complications during pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcome.MethodsThe pregnant women who were enrolled before 16 weeks of gestation in Maternity Service Center of Pingyin Maternal and Child Care Hospital were randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group.In the intervention group,the dietary survey was carried out to evaluate the dietary intake status of each pregnant woman,and then the nutritional status of pregnant women was evaluated based on the results of prenatal health examination such as anthropometry,blood pressure measurement and laboratory examination.Professional and comprehensive nutritional dietary guidance was given to each pregnant woman of the intervention group,including the formulation of nutritional recipes,nutritional education,recommendation of dietary supplements,weight control and lifestyle intervention.However,the pregnant women in the control group only need to carry out dietary investigation,prenatal health examination and routine health care during pregnancy,and no individualized nutrition diet guidance is carried out.The weight of pregnant women in the two groups was recorded at least once a month until delivery.The investigators recorded the dietary status and health examination indexes of pregnant women in the two groups about 32 weeks of gestation,followed up and obtained the data of pregnancy complications and newborn birth outcome of the research objects.The dietary status and health indexes of weight,blood glucose and hemoglobin of pregnant women between the intervention group and the control group were compared before and after the intervention to analyze and evaluate the effect of dietary intervention in this study.Results1.Basic information of two groups:there was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in age,domicile,residence,educationlevel,occupation,monthly income per capita,physical activity intensity,family medical history,pregnancy times,abortion times,gestational weeks,folic acid supplementation before pregnancy,height,weight,body mass index,waist circumference,hip circumference(p>0.05)2.Dietary status of the two groups before intervention:except for dietary fiber,riboflavin and manganese,there was no statistical difference in the daily average intake of energy and nutrients between the two groups at the time of the initial investigation(p>0.05);except for aquatic products,algae and nuts,there was no statistical difference in the daily average intake of other food between the two groups(p>0.05).3.Blood pressure measurement and laboratory examination of the two groups before intervention:there was no significant difference in the levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein,blood glucose,hemoglobin,ferritin and blood pressure(systolic and diastolic blood pressure)between the two groups before the intervention(p>0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of low or severely low BMD,ferritin deficiency and high blood glucose,anemia and hypertension between the two groups before the intervention(p>0.05)4.Dietary status of the two groups after intervention:except for the energy supply ratio of fat and carbohydrate,the average daily intakes of dietary energy and other nutrients in the intervention group were significantly higher than that in the control group,the intakes of thiamine,folate,calcium and selenium in the two groups were lower than that in the reference group,and the intakes of other nutrients were appropriate.The average daily intakes of refined cereals,animal blood,liver and other viscera,milk and dairy products,soybeans,vegetables,fungi,algae,fruits,nuts,dried fruits and snacks increased significantly in the intervention group(p<0.05),while the average daily intake of other foods had no significant difference between the two groups(p>0.05).5.Weight growth of the two groups:There was no significant difference between the two groups of pregnant women with low body weight(BMI<18.5),normal(BMI 18.5-23.9),overweight(BMI 24.0-27.9)and obese(BMI?28.0)in the weight growth in the early and middle stages of pregnancy(p>0.05).Except for overweight pregnant women,total weight gain in pregnancy,weight gain in late pregnancy and weight gain speed of the other three weight types of intervention group pregnant women were significantly lower than the control group(p<0.05).It could be seen from the weight growth curve that from the beginning of 24 weeks,the weight difference of pregnant women of four weight types in the intervention group and the control group gradually increased.6.Blood pressure measurement and laboratory examination of the two groups after intervention:the hemoglobin and LDL levels in intervention group were lower than those in control group(p<0.05),while HDL levels were higher than those in control group(p<0.05).The incidence of ferritin reduction(ferritin<20?g/L)in intervention group was lower than that in control group7.Pregnancy complications of the two groups:the incidence of pregnancy hypertension in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05);the incidence of anemia and diabetes in pregnancy were lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).8.Neonatal outcome of the two groups:the incidence of neonatal abnormalities and macrosomia in the intervention group were significantly lower than that in the control group(p<0.05).The incidence of gestational weeks,delivery methods,gender,length,weight,gestational age and low birth weight were not significantly different between the two groups(p>0.05).Conclusion1.The dietary guidance can help pregnant women to improve the intake level of energy and various essential nutrients,promote the balanced diet and nutrition during pregnancy.2.The dietary guidance during pregnancy can effectively control the weight growth and speed,improve the hemoglobin level to a certain extent,and reduce the occurrence of dyslipidemia and ferritin deficiency.3.The dietary guidance during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of anemia,diabetes and macrosomia during pregnancy.