Preparation Of Biological Active From Ganoderma Lucidum And Utilization Of Its Residue

Ganoderma lucidum belongs to the Basidiomycota,Marasmiaceae,and Lentinula,a precious medicinal fungus,whose main functional ingredients are polysaccharides and triterpenes,with various pharmacological effects.Therefore the efficient preparation of active ingredients has attracted much attention.After the extraction of active ingredients,the residual amount is large,and the utilization of resources is lower,so it is of great importance to study the environmental protection of Ganoderma lucidum residue.In this study,using South Korean Ganoderma lucidum as raw material,effects of different extraction methods on the physicochemical properties and activity of polysaccharides and triterpenes were studied.The extraction process was optimized,and the polysaccharides extracted under the process conditions were separated and purified,and the triterpenoids were analyzed.At the same time,the process of fermenting Ganoderma lucidum residues by mixed strains was optimized,which provided the basic theoretical basis for the efficient use of Ganoderma lucidum.The main research contents and findings of this study are described as follows:1.The effects of different extraction methods on the extraction yield,physico-chemical properties and lipid-lowering activity in vitro of polysaccharides and triterpenoids were compared.The results showed that the enzymatic extraction of polysaccharides and triterpenoids had the highest yield;the polysaccharides extracted by different methods had different molecular weights and monosaccharide composition;the hypolipidemic activity in vitro study found that the enzymatically extracted polysaccharides had the strongest ability to bind cholate.Infrared,ultraviolet spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the triterpenoids extracted by different methods had similar structure characteristics;the enzymatic extraction of triterpenoids combined with the ability of cholate in vitro was stronger than that of other methods.Based on the above results,it was determined that the enzymatic method was more suitable to extract the active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum.2.Using the response surface method to optimize the enzymatic extraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and triterpenoids,the optimal extraction processes were obtained.When adding 3.5%cellulase,4%hemicellulase,3%papain and extracting at pH 5.70,50°C for 81 min,the extraction yield of polysaccharides was 3.73%;when adding 3.0%cellulase,4.0%hemicellulase,3.0%papain,and extracting at pH 5.00 and 50°C for 90 min,the extraction yield of triterpenoids was 1.28%.3.Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides extracted by the optimal extraction conditions were separated and purified by deproteinization of Sevage method,DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel column chromatography to obtain two polysaccharides with uniform molecular weight?GLP-1,GLP-2?,and a glycopeptide substance?GLP-3?.GLP-1 and GLP-2 have the relative molecular weight of 67.78 kDa and 45.12 kDa respectively,consisting of four monosaccharides of Man,Rha,Glc,and Gal;GLP-3 component analysis indicates sugar,amino acid,and glycopeptide bonds.GLP-1,GLP-2 and GLP-3 all showed better binding to cholate.The triterpenoid components extracted by enzymatic method were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry,and five triterpenoids were identified,which were ganoderic acid G,ganoderic acid D,ganoderic acid C₁,ganolucidic acid E,ganoderic acid A,respectively.4.The process conditions of solid fermented wheat bran and Ganoderma lucidum residue by mixed strains?Pleurotus ostreatus,Green Trichoderma viride,Bacillus licheniformis?was optimized.The fermentation process was as follows:the ratio of wheat bran and Ganoderma lucidum residue was 1:0.4,the inoculation amount was 10%,and the time for fermentation was 6 days.Under this condition,the crude protein content reached 29.10%.The results showed that the protein content can be improved by the process optimization of solid-phase fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum residue by mixed strains,and the optimized condition can be applied to enlarge the production and preparation of biological feed.