"Camel Transport":A Traditional Social Organization And A Business Model The Study Of The Guisui During The Period Of Late Qing Dynasty And The Republic Of China

The study of regional society is an important dimensionality of Chinese society in a long time.There are different research perspectives which can help people to know a local society deeply,such as lineage,ritual practice,primary organization,daily life,festivals and so on.This perspective or approach emphasizes a bottom-up view of Chinese history."Camel Transport",a traditional transportation industry in Guisui,which was an important industry with commerce and transportation.From 16 to 18 century,there had been changed in Inner Mongolia inducing Hetao plain as dynasty changed and the politics power between Mongolia and hinterland had converted.In this context,following the tract of development of camel transportation industry,investigating the organization and people of camel transportation industry in the Guisui,focusing on this industry’s influence on the economics and society in this region and discussing the relationship between state and local society.There are many significantly differences of the Guisui and hinterland,both the nature environment and social life.The two cities,Guihua and Suiyun,located in the boundaries between agricultural and pastoral so that they have a unique geographical advantage.And because of this,after Mongolian tribes bend to Qing,merchant from Shanxi came to Mongolia grassland do business and became more and more thrive.The Guisui was a front land where the merge of Han and non-Han,there was a prosperously region for a long time and the camel transportation industry developed because of these advantages.Besides the business behind the camel transportation industry also expansion during the period.In term of camel transportation industry itself,it placed in the local society deeply,from Business mogul to labor,all integrate into this industry.The local character shaped this industry’s rules,and the people and matters of this industry also reflected its trait as well as colorful local life.On the other hand,the merchant of local business including the camel transportation industry have a huge impact in this region.Meanwhile,"she" as a business organization regulated the industry and took responsibility for the local society such as keeping the peace,charities and city construction,therefore it also a primary organization in this region.This organization got the support of the authority so that it played an important role in local society.This article pay attention to the camel transportation industry and inspire by the study the ritual,exploring the ritual practices which the business connected between Mongolian and hinterland by economy,further the merchant and the commerce bridged the state and local society and helped the Guisui integrating into the empire.