The Ecological Dimension Of Marcuse's Aesthetic Thought

When it comes to Marcuse,the famous person,the first thing people think of is his criticism of modern capitalist society.He believes that the modern capitalist society is ill-conditioned.In this society,the progress of technology does not create conditions for the better development of society.But it has developed tool rationality which becomes a tool for controlling people.He criticizes the capitalist developed industrial society that controls people by promoting the people's consumption level and living standard.It makes people incorrectly think that the pursuit of material is their real demand.And then they gradually lose the negativity originally supposed to have.And they become one-way persons.He also criticizes the modern capitalist society to suppress the Eros of human beings.Moreover,he believed that labor should be a channel for people to vent their desires.But in the contemporary capitalist society,labor has been dissimilated,in which people's work is single and repetitive.And this means that the Eros for human beings is suppressed.In fact,in Marcuse's critical theory,there is also a concern about nature.His new perceptual theory and the thought of "subject of nature" all contain the ecological dimension.Although Marcuse's thought of ecological dimension is not enough to be the theory of ecological aesthetics,his criticism of the ecological crisis provides a reference for the development of ecological aesthetics,and also provides some ideas for the solution of ecological problems.Marcuse believes that the progress of science and technology is the source of instrumental rationality,which makes the political,cultural,life,ideological and other fields present a unidirectional trend.In this case,people overemphasize rationality,which means sensibility oppressed.People regard nature as an object more.And the relationship between man and nature becomes binary opposition.Therefore,he puts forward that to realize the liberation of man needs to emancipate the repressed Eros.And he puts forward the thought of "subject matter",in which nature has the subjectivity,and it is unity to realize the liberation of man and realize the liberation of nature.Then,he believes that in order to realize the liberation of man and nature,it is necessary to rely on art.He thinks that art is different from the mass culture.Art pays attention to alienation between reality and has the characteristics of non-alienation and sensibility.It forms self-discipline by virtue of aesthetic form.At the same time,the art of borrowing the aesthetic form of nature can absorb things that have not been humanized in nature,which is opposed to the identity of the real society.So,art has positive significance to the realization of the liberation of man and nature.As the Marx doctrine,Marcuse's aesthetic ideal and Marx compared to more emphasis on nature.Although there is no mature ecological aesthetics thought in Marcuse's aesthetic thought,and no complete solution for ecological problems,his attention to nature still contains the ecological dimension,which deserves our study.