Oppression And Resistance:Research On Rice Control In Tianjin(1941-1949)

In response to the need for food,especially for the war,Japanese agency in China established the Tianjin Rice Control Committee in 1941 to regulate the rice in the Tianjin region.Its powers included senior officials in the Japanese Embassy in Tianjin,the pseudo-Hebei Provincial Government and the pseudo-Tianjin.When they formulating a series of policies for the control of rice,the committee also planted rice through Japanese and Chinese farms.Then in 1943,the Tianjin Rice Control Committee was established as the executive agency of the Tianjin Rice Control Committee.The committee was responsible for the actual buying work.The Tianjin Rice Control Council not only violated the market rules in terms of price which violated market rules,but also established purchase policies that infringed on the actual interests of the rice farmers.Meanwhile,the buying methods were also barbaric.After the end of the Second World War,the KMT's Hebei Provincial Government established a bunch of full-time agencies to receive and deal with various types of Japanese and pseudo-property assets,including rice and various types of farms retained after the Japanese-Puppet government's expropriation.During this period,part of the rice fields and their affiliated buildings were reviewed and sent back to the rice farmers,but most of them were still held by the government to collect rent by hiring farmers.After the outbreak of the civil war,the warfare was frequent,and the Kuomintang's demand for military food increased rapidly.To meet this demand,the Hebei Provincial Government established the Haihe District Rice Purchase Office,which is responsible for the control of rice in the counties of Tianjin and Ninghe.The process of control includes:The cultivation,purchase and distribution of rice.At the same time,the Tianjin municipal government also tried to combat the hoarding of grain merchants and tried to regulate rice prices.However,the Kuomintang government's grain price policy did not conform to the laws of economic development,and it also did not have enough grain as a price-limiting basis.Therefore,its measures to stabilize grain prices also ended in failure.Whether during the period of the War of Resistance or during the post-war period of the KMT-CPC civil war,the Japanese puppet government,the ruling class of the National Government and the rice farmers were always on the opposite side of interests.The former needed rice as a military grain to supply troops and continue to deepen the looting of rice farmers;the latter faced the oppressors tried various kinds of revolts.After failure,they could only hand in the only remaining rice to ensure the temporary safety.