Study On Rice Supply In Chongqing(1937-1945)

Since ancient times,the people take food as the day,food plays an important role in national life,in the anti-Japanese war as an important strategic materials related to the outcome of the war.Chongqing has become the center of grain adjustment in Sichuan because of its convenient transportation and developed trade.the anti-Japanese army moved its capital to Chongqing,and Chongqing's status is more important.As the population increase consumption increases,become the main market of grain consumption in the rear,and the supply of grain in front of the rear people food support,and Chongqing as the transfer center,the formation of grain distribution and transportation of the main hub.So Chongqing rice market can truly reflect the truth of the rear wartime food problem.Due to geographical constraints,Chongqing food rice supply is not self-sufficient,so before 1937 Chongqing food rice supply mainly rely on Sichuan and surrounding suburban counties,the source channel is simple,but the transaction is diverse,most of the market management by folk industry association unwritten habits to adjust,at that time,Chongqing's population base is not very big,so the supply and demand aspects can basically maintain a balance.After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan,the problem of food and rice in Chongqing has been paid close attention by the national government.the management organizations have changed several times,and the business scope under their jurisdiction is becoming wider and wider.the management of the market mainly depends on the administrative means of the government.Affected by the war,the supply of rice in Chongqing has been unable to meet the needs of the public,the government through land levy real,purchase levy borrow,increase production and increase income and national savings to ease the supply pressure,and the storage and transportation system management.The internal migration of population has brought a lot of pressure on the supply of rice in Chongqing.the government has once again deepened the management of rice by means of compulsory means and taken measures from the aspects of sales,supply,grain dealer management and price to stabilize the market and reassure the public.Effective distribution of people's food,public food,rations,on the one hand,give priority to ensuring the supply of rations,on the one hand,the implementation of affordable rice policy to maintain the living needs of the city residents,balanced the needs of the war and the people.Chongqing food rice supply in the war of resistance against Japan has achieved results,is the benchmark of food supply in other parts of the country to follow,but in the process of supply exposed some problems also can not be ignored,affordable rice benefit scope is too narrow,supply policy is lack of flexibility,these problems weaken its due social performance.