The Reasearch Of The Fengjin Shanhaiguan Circuit In The Qing Dynasty

In the eighth years of Xianfeng(1858),after the Second Opium War,the Qing government signed the "Treaty of Tianjin" with the great powers.The treaty provides that Newchwang and other Fucheng(Yingkou)will be the newly established ports for opening commercial intercourse.The first year of Tongzhi(1862),Yingkou formal opened oport for trade with foreigners and Yingkou became the only foreign trade port in Northeast China.After the opening,foreign businessmen and domestic businessmen came to yingkou,business exchanges became more frequent,prompting constant trade frictions in the Yingkou area.In addition,Shanhaiguan supervision has position of small and power light,the social order was even more chaotic.During the Tongzhi five years(1866),the prime minister of Yixin suggest that Qing Muzong abolishment the Shanhaiguan Customs supervision and set up Fengjinshan Customs circuit in Yingkou,levy the new and old customs duties of Yingkou Customs and deal with matters concerning foreign negotiate affairs,at the same time,to administrate Haicheng county,Gaizhou county,Xiuyan county of and other states of finance and criminal cases,and maintain coastal order in the area.Fengjin shanhaiguan circuit was the first official office established in the Yingkou area in the Qing Dynasty,and it was also the first circuit established by Fengtian.It played a very important role in the bureaucratic system of the late Qing Dynasty.Customs Report: at the beginning of the establishment of the Fengjin shanhaiguan circuit,Fengjin shanhaiguan circuit was established under the jurisdiction of the three Ministers of Commerce,it also regularly reports customs duties to the three Ministers of Commerce.In the ninth years of Tongzhi(1870),Tianjin teaching case,three Ministers of Commerce were abolished,Fengjin shanhaiguan circuit was under the jurisdiction of the governor of zhili.diplomatic negotiation: Fengjin shanhaiguan circuit is also responsible for all matters concerning foreign affairs of Yingkou Customs,and the Shanhaiguan Department of Taxation complements each other.In addition,Fengjin shanhaiguan circuit also needs to manage the civil affairs of the area.At the same time,the circuit must cooperate with Shengjing General and Fengtian Government to jointly safeguard the life and property safety of Fengtian and coastal people,maintain the order of maritime trade.The establishment of Fengjin shanhaiguan circuit not only promoted the development of Yingkou's modern customs system,but also laid a certain foundation for the modernization of Yingkou.The late of the Qing dynasty,the Qing government reformed its official system in the three provinces of East China,it changed Fengjin shanhaiguan circuit to Jinxin circuit.Until the end of the Qing Dynasty,Jinxin circuit was changed to customs supervision,and the Yingkou Customs Road System was ended.