Yingkou Problem And Reception In The Late Qing Dynasty(1904-1909)

The war between Japan and Russia is one of the important events in the reconstruction of Northeast Asia's political structure in the early 20 th century.Therefore,it has attracted the continuous attention of domestic scholars for a long time and has gradually become a hot topic of academic discussion.However,through the retrieval of relevant academic research,the author found that the academic circles had little research on "reception and reconstruction" after the war between Japan and Russia,especially on the issue of "reception and reconstruction" of such an important commercial port as Yingkou.There was no special discussion in the academic circles,and relevant research was only sporadically found in academic works.Therefore,this paper selects the origin of Yingkou problem after the outbreak of the Russo Japanese war as the starting point,closely around the main line of "the origin of the problem-early negotiation-negotiation process-aftermath treatment-follow-up influence",discusses the background of Yingkou problem,the way to solve it,the measures to deal with the aftermath and its far-reaching impact,and focuses on the negotiation of Yingkou between China and Japan The process and its remaining problems.After the Treaty of Tianjin was signed in 1858,Yingkou took the place of Niuzhuang to open a port.With the rapid development of social economy and the superior military geographical position,both Japan and Russia coveted Yingkou.Soon after the outbreak of the war between Japan and Russia,the Qing government decided to adopt the policy of "outside neutrality" after synthesizing the situation of all parties.However,Japan and Russia ignored the Qing government's statement.During the war,Japan established a military administration office to carry out illegal military rule over Yingkou,which not only plundered customs duties,but also collected a lot of wealth.In view of the importance of Yingkou,the Qing government also tried to recover its local administrative power and negotiate with the Japanese government.From May 1904 to December 1906,the negotiation process of Yingkou acceptance went through four stages.In the first stage,the Qing government negotiated with the Japanese government in advance to recover Yingkou's local administrative power,but it was rejected by the Japanese side for various reasons;in the second stage,the representatives of China and Japan signed the Treaty on the three eastern provinces of the China Japan Conference in Beijing,which determined the general program for the three eastern provinces to deal with the aftermath;in the thirdstage,the representatives of the two countries signed the measures for the return of Yingkou in Beijing In the fourth stage,the representatives of China and Japan held 10 negotiations in Yingkou for 20 days,reached a consensus on judicial,health,railway and other issues,and signed the "terms of the settlement" to formally recover the local administrative power of Yingkou by the Qing government.On December 6,1906,the Qing government officially accepted the local administration of Yingkou,and appointed Liang Ruhao,Cai Shaoji and others to deal with the aftermath of Yingkou.Yingkou local government has implemented a series of decrees in the fields of economy,health,justice,education and people's livelihood from the aspects of reforming local administration,easing social contradictions,eliminating accumulated disadvantages,stabilizing public order and maintaining order.Among them,there are not only the treatment of the problems left over by the war,but also the plan for the future development of Yingkou.The result is not only the rapid recovery of local administration in Yingkou,but also the rapid development of local society.Therefore,although there are some leftover problems in Yingkou's aftermath disposal,a general survey of the process of Yingkou's reception and aftermath disposal by the Qing government not only recovered the administrative power of Yingkou,but also improved the diplomatic ability of the Qing Dynasty,and even promoted the modernization of the border governance system in the late Qing Dynasty to a certain extent.