A Study On Mencius' Benevolent Ideology From Ethical Perspectvice

Mencius's benevolent ideology has an important position in the history of Chinese political thought.The Confucian spirit of rule by virtue and its ideal of Wang Dao,which was implied by the Confucian thinkers after the Song Dynasty,was embodied in the Confucian mainstream political program.Afterwards,the studies related to Mencius's ideology of government were extremely numerous.However,contemporary studies on Mencius's more comprehensive system of benevolent philosophies were rather lacking,and the excavation of its modern significance was far from enough.This dissertation tries to interpret the basic thread of Mencius' ideology of benevolence and its main content as a political solution based on the interpretation of related discourses in Mencius.Based on this,it analyzes the theoretical basis of Benin from an ethical perspective,and its value orientation,strive to evaluate its gains and losses based on a more comprehensive theory,so as to provide an inspiration for our thinking on contemporary related political issues.For this reason,the dissertation is divided into five parts.The first part is the introduction.It mainly explains the purpose and significance of the topic.It also illustrates the feasibility of studying the topic on the basis of the investigation of the status quo at home and abroad.Finally,it narrates the main research methods of the thesis and tries to innovate.The second part briefly explains the historical background of Mencius's benevolence ideology,thus illustrating the problem consciousness contained in his benevolent ideology,and providing an appropriate perspective for interpreting related ideas.In the Warring States period in which Mencius lived,there were no communists in the world.Political,economic,military,and other social aspects were all undergoing dramatic changes.Because of the successive years of war,the schools of thought of the various schools of thought had come up with their plans for survival or salvation.Mencius's suggestion of benevolent government follows the Confucian mindset of the rule of virtue and advocates an ethical approach to solving the political goals that dominate the world.The third part expounds the main contents of Mencius' theory of benevolence.The discussion in this section seeks to tease out Benevolence as the main content of a political solution based on an interpretation of the original code.There must be four of them:First,the initiation of Benevolence will depend on the training and exertion of the king's "heart".Second,the first priority for the implementation of Benevolence is to resolve the basic survival problems of the people,thereby laying the material preconditions for a stable political and social order.Thirdly,the people are "fostered and taught" and taught to use filial piety to establish an ethical and harmonious social order.Fourth,establish the political organization and social division of labor that correspond to benevolence.In Mencius's view,this kind of political organization should be based on Shi Qing Shi Lu and be supplemented by the mechanism that Ren Xian enables.The corresponding social division of labor,viewed from the nature of work,is the two major types of "laborers":managers and "laborers," ie,producers.From the perspective of the type of occupation,it is the various professions who exert their expertise to pursue efficiency;and each occupation is a complementary relationship in order to better meet the needs of people in all aspects of life.As a result,a social collaboration system featuring "going through things easy" was formed.The fourth part aims to analyze Mencius' benevolent ideology from the angle of ethics.There are roughly three points:First,the necessity of implementing Benevolence,that is,why Benevolence should be exercised.The reasons put forward by Mencius mainly lie in the three aspects of historical experience and realistic requirements,the rationality of considering the political issues with the motivation of righteousness and justice,and the importance of gaining popular support.Second,the possibility of implementing Benedict.From a political point of view,the feasibility of benevolent politics lies in the heart of the king and the teachableness of the people.However,in theory,these two points must be established.The fundamental point is still whether its theory of good nature is persuasive enough.Therefore,this part mainly makes a comprehensive survey of Mencius' theory of good nature.Third,the relationship between Benevolence and the ideal of Wang Dao.The paper analyzes this from three perspectives.It is thus concluded that both of them embody Mencius's desire for an ideal politics,but with different emphasis.Wang Dao is an argument focusing on the political level,and benevolence is an argument focusing on the ethical level.In combination,the two arguments support each other in a certain sense.The fifth part is the conclusion of this thesis.Based on the previous investigation,this section briefly explains the modern significance of Mencius's politic thought and points out the issues that need attention.