On The Ethos Of Open Science

In late century,the Free Software Movement and the Open Source Code Movement emerged,both of which were generally considered to be a revival of the ethos of science in the software world and the beginning of the open science movement.The open and shared ideas brought about by the Free Software Movement and the Open Source Code Movement in turn promote the openness and sharing of scientific research.In the process of scientific development,the ethos of science once declined,and with the process of open science movement,it gradually rejuvenated and showed a new situation.The ethos of science refers to some institutional norms or values that constrain scientists.These norms are used to ensure the development of science and the accumulation of scientific knowledge,and have gradually been internalized into the conscience of scientists in practice.R K Merton once summed up four norms as the ethos of science according to the history of science and the characteristics of scientific activities,that is,universalism,communal ism,selflessness and organized skepticism,on which he added humility and so on later.Merton believed that the ethos of science was the necessary guarantee of scientific truth and accumulation of scientific knowledge.Then,Merton's view was refuted,and the spirit of scientific ethics was regarded as inconsistent with reality and unrelated to the realization of institutional goals.This paper refutes these criticisms.It is not that the ethos of science is inconsistent with the facts or unnecessary,but that science has been alienated in the course of development,which makes the ethos of science decline day by day.This paper summarizes three causes leading to the decline of the spirit of scientific ethics,and the root of the closed path of scientific development is the alienation of science itself,in which the spirit of scientific ethics has declined.With the gradual development of the open science movement,the spirit of scientific ethics is no longer inconsistent with reality or unnecessary,but is precisely in line with the characteristics of open science.Of course,the ethos of science put forward by R K Merton is still limited by its era,and its emphasis is on the openness and sharing within scientific community,while neglecting the communication between the scientific community and the outside world-that is,the openness of science.The ethos of science in the new period should be the ethos of openness and sharing.The ethos of openness and sharing has impacted on the traditional scientific research model,which has developed from the Cathedral model to the Bazaar model.The change from the Cathedral model to the Bazaar model has different degrees of influences on a series of old models,such as research,evaluation,publication and so on in the process of scientific research.Decentralization of research,de-authorization of evaluation,open access to publishing model and so on will be the development trend of scientific research in the future.