Study On The Impeachment System In The Ming Dynasty

The impeachment system is the core part of supervision system in ancient China,and also one of the important powers of all levels of government officials to exercise supervision and prosecution.It plays an important role in the process of political civilization in ancient china.In the Ming Dynasty,with the development of the autocratic monarchy and the centralized system,the impeachment system also evolved to some extent on the basis of the framework of the previous political system,which had distinctive characteristics of the times.According to the different characteristics of the development of the times,it can be divided into three stages: from HongWu to XuanDe,is the initial embryonic development period of impeachment system in Ming Dynasty,this period of political weather on the whole is clear,except in certain specific circumstances,to maintain the administrative efficiency and large impeachment;ZhengTong to ZhengDe in the Ming Dynasty,is flourishing under the "Half-Life time",this phase of impeachment before the utility of relative effectiveness is greatly reduced,the impeach role depends on the monarch's personal likes and dislikes and political environment modality,highlights the increasingly complexity of political struggle;almost in Jiajing to Chongzhen Dynasty,due to the growing partisan struggle and cruel,this phase of the function of impeachment suffered unprecedented damage,as an important means of impeachment supervision system operation,once become the Party of Different tools,thus losing the original intention of the establishment of the system,it is difficult to fully perform its supervisory function.The object of the Ming Dynasty official impeachment is very broad,from the prime ministers and nobles,down to the commanding officers and petty officials,which all the levels have been impeached and the size of the right.The impeachment create the opportunity is more complex,to the major political events such as the "ritual","fight the country",and the clique dispute,Jing Cha review assessment,to corruption,seize the people produce for the political one,and speak of other things,not etiquette,but improper act,one person don't impeach,nothing is impossible.In a word,in the context of more than two hundred years of political environment in the Ming Dynasty,the content,form and operation procedures of impeachment are more diversified and complex than before,which also plays a dual role in the direction of the political path of the Ming dynasty.In the benign political environment,the procuratorial supervision function of impeachment system can maintain the maximum degree of a certain role for team officials and pure quality;while in the malignant political environment,the impeachment system in practice can not realize the function of its beginning,but it will produce the reverse effect on the political situation,progressive political darkness.In addition,in the "monarch--officials" and "officials-officials" power confrontation political paradigm as well as imperial officials to impeach the selective and differential treatment,the impeachment system ushered in the era of the dilemma.